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Bioative principles from selected herbal plants used for treatment of malaria in Kilifi County, Kenya Peter G. Muchoki* 1,2 , Alex K. Machocho 2 , Jeremiah W. Gathirwa 1 , Margret M. Ng’ang’a 2 1 Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Traditional Medicine and Drug Research 2 Kenyatta University, Department of Chemistry Malaria kills 0.6 M people globally every year. Children and pregnant women are at a greater risk than any other group. Several methods have been employed in the management and control of malaria facing various challenges. For a successful near eradication of malaria, a combination therapy approach is necessary including vector control, prevention and treatment. There is development of resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to the commonly used antimalarials. Natural products are a reliable source of drugs that needs to be exploited to cub drug resistance. Africa is highly rich in the untapped natural remedies. Locals in Kilifi County - Kenya use plant concoctions for management of malaria and this led to selection of specific plant species for this study. Methanolic extraction followed by column chromatography was carried out to give pure compounds. In-vitro assays of the extracts/pure compounds/blends was carried out against chloroquine sensitive (D6 and W2) P. falciparum clones. We hereby report highly bioactive plant extracts against chloroquine sensitive (D6 and W2) P. falciparum clones with IC50 <10µg/ ml. Extracts of Premna chrysoclada, Uvaria acuminata and Grewia plagiophylla elicited IC50 of 7.7, 8.9 and 9.9 µg/ml respectively. Evaluating effect of combining these extracts with one another against a multidrug resistant P. falciparum (W2) clone revealed synergism among some combinations. The highest synergy was between U. acuminata and P. chrysoclada extracts with IC50 of 4.61 µg/ml. Some extract combinations showed antagonistic effect. In-vivo assays of the extracts/pure compounds/blends in a mouse model are underway. Crude extracts of U. acuminata and G. plagiophylla were subjected to column chromatography to afford six and five pure compounds, respectively. Triterpenoids and steroids were common in both plant extracts while a dihydrochalcone was specific to U. accuminata. The isolated triterpenoids and steroids indicated a moderate activity (IC50 10 - 50 µg/ml) while the dihydrochalcone was highly active (IC50 <10µg/ml) against chloroquine sensitive (D6 and W2) P. falciparum clones. This study lays a solid background in identification of a lead compound for development of a new antimalarial drug. These extracts also can be used as herbal remedies for local communities. Keywords Bioactive; anti-plasmodial; compounds
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