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Isolation and Characterization of Isoflavonoids from Eriosema montanum with Potential Inhibitory Properties on the NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation Jean Claude Didelot Tomani* 1,2 , Olivier Bonnet 3 , Alain Nyirimigabo 1,3 , William Deschamps 2 , Alembert Tiabou Tchinda 4 , Olivia Jansen 3 , Allison Ledoux 3 , Marie Jeanne Mukazayire 1 , Luc Vanhamme 2 , Michel Frédérich 3,† , Raymond Muganga 1,† and Jacob Souopgui 2,† 1 School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Rwanda 2 Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Molecular Biology and Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium 3 Centre for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, University of Liège, Belgium 4 Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Centre for Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaoundé, Cameroon NLRP3 inflammasome plays a critical role in the pathogenesis or potentiation of a plethora diseases including chronic inflammatory diseases and autoimmune diseases including asthma, type 2 diabetes, Covid-19, malaria, etc. Eriosema montanum was previously reported to be traditionally used in the treatment of several inflammatory diseases including cough, fever, conjunctivitis, malaria, asthma but scientific evidence is still missing. In the light of its traditional use in the treatment of inflammatory- associated diseases, we aimed at investigating the anti-inflammatory activity of E. montanum and its major compounds via the inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome. The activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome was determined by the IL-1β in LPS and ATP stimulated THP-1-derived macrophages supernatants. Preliminary results suggest that the crude extract and flavonoids from E. montanum significantly inhibit IL-1β production by impacting different level of the NLRP3 inflammasome activation. If ongoing experiments confirm these results, the findings will highlight the potential efficacy of E. montanum in the treatment of asthma and other NLRP3 inflammasome-associated diseases. Keywords: Isoflavonoids; Eriosema montanum; NLRP3 Inflammasome; IL-1β; THP-1; macrophage
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