دون ﺗﻔﻜﲑ ﻣﻼﺋﻢ ﻓﻴﲈ ﻧﺠﻤﻊ , وﳌﺎذا ﻧﻘﻴﺲ 1 , ﻫﺬا ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ. وﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ أﺧﺮى , ﻟﻴﺲ ﻛﻞ ﳾء ﻳﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﻜﻤﻲ , ﺑﻞ إن ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﻴﺎس ﻗﺪ ُﻳْﻔِﻘﺪ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﺷﻴﺎء ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ , وأﺑﺮز ﻣﺜﺎل ﻋﲆ ذﻟﻚ ﻫﻮ " اﻹﻳﻤﻮﺟﻲ " , ﻓﺤﻤﻮﻟﺘﻬﺎ اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺗﺆدي اﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ ذاﲥﺎ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻘﻮم ﲠﺎ اﻻﺗﺼﺎل ﻏﲑ اﻟﻠﻔﻈﻲ ﰲ اﳊﻴﺎة اﻟﻴﻮﻣﻴﺔ. ﻓﻼ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻹﺣﺼﺎء ﻫﺬا اﻟﴬب ﻣﻦ اﻻﺗﺼﺎل , ﻷن ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﰲ دﻻﻟﺘﻪ وﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ. إذن , ﻟﺘﻠﺨﻴﺺ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻔﻜﺮة , ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﻘﻮل : " ﻫﻨﺎك أﺷﻴﺎء ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﻬﺎ , وﻫﻨﺎك أﺷﻴﺎء ﺗﺴﺘﺤﻖ اﻟﻘﻴﺎس , ﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ داﺋًﲈ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻖ اﻟﻘﻴﺎس , وﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﻪ ﻗﺪ ﻻ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻟﻪ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﲈ ﻧﺮﻳﺪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺣﻘ © ﺎ " 2 . وﻹﳚﺎد ﻫﺬه اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ , ﻳﲈرس ﱢﻠ ﳏ ﻠﻮ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻜﱪى اﻻﺳﺘﺴﻘﺎط ) Apophenia ( 3 , وﻫﻮ اﳌﻔﻬﻮم اﻟﺬي اﺗﻜﺄت ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﺘﺎن , داﻧﺎ ﺑﻮﻳﺪ ) Boyd Danah ( وﻛﻴﺖ ﻛﺮاﻓﻮرد ) Crawford Kate ( , ﰲ ﻧﻘﺪﳘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻀﺨﻤﺔ 4 . وﻫﺬا ﻳﻌﻨﻲ أن اﳌﻨﺎﻫﺞ اﳊﺎﺳﻮﺑﻴﺔ ﻻ ﺗﻨﺘﺞ ﻣﻌﺎرف ﺑﻞ ﺗﺴﻬﻢ ﰲ إﻧﺘﺎﺟﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ. إﳖﺎ ﱢﻜ ﺗﺸ ﻞ اﻣﺘﺪاًدا ﻣﺘﻄﻮًرا ﱠﺪ ﻟﻠُﻌ ة اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﺒﺤﻮث اﻟﻜﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻵﻟﺔ اﳊﺎﺳﺒﺔ 5 . 1 - Emmanuel Marty et al., “A multifaceted study of online news diversity: issues and methods,” in Ramón Salavería, Diversity of Journalisms, Proceedings of the ECREA Journalism Studies Section and 26th International Conference of Communication (CICOM) at University of Navarra, Pamplona, (4 - 5 July 2011), 228 - 242. 2 - Jerry Muller, The tyranny of metrics (Princeton University Press, 2018), 3 3 - ﻣﺮض إدراﻛﻲ ُﻳﻌ ﱢﺮﻓﻪ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ اﻟﺴﻮﻳﺴﺮي اﳌﺨﺘﺺ ﰲ ﻣﺮض اﻷﻋﺼﺎب، ﺑﻴﱰ ﺑﺮوﻏﺮ ) (Peter Brugger ، ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻧﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻹدراك اﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺮج اﻟﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻇﻮاﻫﺮ ﻻ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ، أي ﻣﻨﺢ ﻣﻌﲎ ﳐﺼﻮص ﻟﻸﺣﺪاث اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ واﳌﺄﻟﻮﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل إﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﲔ اﻷﺷﻴﺎء دون ﻣﱪر . 4 - Danah Boyd, Crawford Kate, “Six Provocations for Big Data: A Decade in Internet Time: Symposium on the Dynamics of the Internet and Society,” papers.ssrn.com, September 21, 2011, “accessed November 10, 2021”. https://bit.ly/3r2iuDZ . 5 - Eglantine Schmitt, Explorer, visualiser, décider: un paradigme méthodologique pour la production de connaissances à partir des big data, (thèse de doctorat en épistémologie, L’Université de technologie de Compiègne, Paris, 2018), 289.
142
Made with FlippingBook Online newsletter