2 . 3 . اﳌﻨﺎﻫﺞ اﻻﻓﱰاﺿﻴﺔ أو " اﻹﺛﻨﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺔ " ﲡﻤﻊ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻃﺎﺋﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ اﳌﲈرﺳﺎت اﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ اﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ , ﻧﺬﻛﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ : اﻹﺛﻨﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺎ ﻋﱪ اﳋﻂ 1 , واﻹﺛﻨﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺎ اﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ 2 , واﻟﻨﺘﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎ 3 , وإﺛﻨﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺎ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎت , اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺰاوج ﺑﲔ اﻹﺛﻨﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺎ وﲢﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎت 4 . واﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ اﳌﺸﱰك ﻟﻜﻞ ﻫﺬه اﳌﺴﻤﻴﺎت ﻫﻮ اﻹﺛﻨﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺎ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﺪدت ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻔﻬﺎ , ﻟﻜﻦ ﻧﻘﺘﴫ ﻋﲆ اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﳌﺮﺟﻌﻲ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺮى أﳖﺎ " ﺑﺤﺚ -ﺗﺮاﺑﻄﻲ اﺳﺘﻘﺮاﺋﻲ- ﻳﺘﻄﻮر ﺗﺼﻮره ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ- ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺘﻨﺎد إﱃ ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﺮاﺋﻖ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺘﻠﺰم ﻟﻘﺎء ﻣﺒﺎًﴍا ﻣﻊ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص ﰲ ﺳﻴﺎﻗﻬﻢ وﰲ ﺣﻴﺎﲥﻢ اﻟﻴﻮﻣﻴﺔ و)ﰲ ﺛﻘﺎﻓﺘﻬﻢ( (...) ﱡﺮ ﺗﻘ ﺑﺪور اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ واﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ وﺗﻌﺘﱪ اﻟﺒﴩ ﻛﻤﻮﺿﻮع اﻟﺒﺤﺚ وﻛﻄﺮف ﻓﻴﻪ " 5 . وﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻌﺐ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﻣﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﻮث اﻹﺛﻨﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺔ اﻻﻓﱰاﺿﻴﺔ , وإن ﻛﺎن اﻟﺒﻌﺾ 6 ﳋﺼﻬﺎ وﻓﻖ ﻏﺎﻳﺎت اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﻴﲈ ﻳﲇ : إﺛﻨﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺎ اﳉﲈﻋﺎت ﻋﱪ اﳋﻂ واﻟﻌﻮاﱂ اﻻﻓﱰاﺿﻴﺔ وﻣﻮاﻗﻊ اﳌﻴﺪﻳﺎ اﻻﺟﺘﲈﻋﻲ , وإﺛﻨﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺎ ﻋﱪ اﳋﻂ وﺧﺎرج ﺷﺒﻜﺔ اﻹﻧﱰﻧﺖ , وإﺛﻨﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺎ اﳌﲈرﺳﺎت اﻹﺑﺪاﻋﻴﺔ ﰲ اﳌﻴﺪﻳﺎ اﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺣﺎوﻟﺖ اﺳﺘﺠﻼء ﺑﻌﺾ اﳉﻮاﻧﺐ ﰲ ﳑﺎرﺳﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﺼﺤﻔﻲ وﺗﻄﻮره ; إذ رﻛﺰت ﻋﲆ روﺗﲔ ﻗﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ ودوره ﰲ ﺗﺮﺳﻴﺦ ﻣﻌﻴﺎرﻳﺔ 1 - اﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﱵ أﻃﻠﻘﻬﺎ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺮﻳﺴﺘﲔ ﻫﲔ، وﺳﲑج ﺑﺮوﻟﻜﺲ، وﺟﻮﻟﻴﺎن روﻳﻒ، اﻧﻈﺮ : ﻛﺮﻳﺴﺘﲔ ﻫﲔ، " إﺛﻨﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺎ اﳉﻤﺎﻋﺎت ﰲ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ اﻹﻧﱰﻧﺖ واﳌﻴﺪﻳﺎ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ : اﻹﺟﺮاءات، واﻟﺘﻨﻮع، واﻹﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎت " ، ﰲ ﻣﻴﻼﱐ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺖ وآﺧﺮون، ﻣﻨﺎﻫﺞ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ اﻟﺴﻴﺎق اﻟﺮﻗﻤﻲ، ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ، ص 77 - 102 2 - Sarah Pink et al., Digital Ethnography: Principles and Practice, 1st ed. (SAGE Publications Ltd, 2015), 310. 3 - Éric Vernette et al., “Identification d’un leader d’opinion: état des controverses,” 28ème Congrès Afm (Association Française du Marketing, Brest - France, Vol. 28, (2012), “accessed September 30, 2021”. https://bit.ly/3tUhC64 4 - Matt Carlson et al., “Journalism Studies and its Core Commitments: The Making of a Communication
Field,” Journal of Communication , Vol. 68, Issue 1, (February 2018): 6–25. 5 - Karen O’Reilly, Ethnographic Methods (London: Routledge, 2005), 3.
6 - Elisenda Ardévol and Edgar Gómez - Cruz, “Digital Ethnography and Media Practices”, in Angharad Valdivia, The International Encyclopedia of Media Studies, (John Wiley & Sons, 2014), 4051 - 4071.
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