ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎت اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎت اﻻﺟﺘﲈﻋﻴﺔ ﻳﺮى اﻟﺒﻌﺾ أن اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎت اﻻﺟﺘﲈﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ ﺟﻮﻫﺮﻫﺎ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻻﺟﺘﲈﻋﻴﺔ , وإﻧﲈ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ/ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﰲ ﲢﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﺒﻨﻰ اﻻﺟﺘﲈﻋﻴﺔ , وﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﺎدة ﻣﺎ ُﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ " اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﺒﻨﻴﻮي " 1 , ﺑﻴﻨﲈ ﻳﺮى آﺧﺮون أن اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺎت اﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎت اﻻﺟﺘﲈﻋﻴﺔ ﱂ ﺗﺮق إﱃ اﳌﺴﺘﻮى اﳌﻄﻠﻮب , ذﻟﻚ ﺑﺄن ﲢﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎت اﻻﺟﺘﲈﻋﻴﺔ ذاﺗﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ وﺟﻮد ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ , إﻻ أﻧﻪ ﻻ ﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺄﻃﲑ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎت اﻻﺟﺘﲈﻋﻴﺔ ﺑﻨﻈﺮﻳﺎت ﺗﻌﲔ ﻋﲆ اﻟﻔﻬﻢ 2 . ورﻏﻢ أن اﻟﺘﻨﻈﲑ ﻟﻠﺸﺒﻜﺎت اﻻﺟﺘﲈﻋﻴﺔ ﻛﺎن ﺿﻌﻴًﻔﺎ إﱃ ﺣﺪ ﻛﺒﲑ , ﻓﺈن ﻛﺜًﲑا ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺎت اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﲤﺤﻮرت ﺣﻮل ﻣﻔﻬﻮم اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ وﻋﻨﺎﴏﻫﺎ. ﺑﻌﺪ أن ﺣﺪد اﳌﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﲇ ﻟﻠﺸﺒﻜﺎت ﰲ اﳌﺴﺘﻮى اﳌﺘﻮﺳﻂ )اﳌﻴﺰو( , أي اﻟﺬي ﻳﻘﻊ ﺑﲔ اﳌﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻀﻴﻖ )اﳌﺎﻳﻜﺮو( اﻟﺬي ﱢ ﺜ ﻳﻤﻞ اﻷﻓﺮاد , واﳌﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻮاﺳﻊ )اﳌﺎﻛﺮو( اﻟﺬي ﱢ ﺜ ﻳﻤﻞ اﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎت , وأﻛﺪ أﻧﻪ ﻻ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ واﺣﺪة ﻟﻠﺸﺒﻜﺎت اﻻﺟﺘﲈﻋﻴﺔ وإﻧﲈ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎت ﻋﺪﻳﺪة , ﱠﺪ ﻗ م ﻣﺎرﻛﻮس ﻏﺎﻣﱪ ) Markus Gamper ( ﰲ ﱠﻟﻔﻪ ﻣﺆ " ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎت اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎت اﻻﺟﺘﲈﻋﻴﺔ : ﻧﻈﺮة ﻋﺎﻣﺔ " 3 , ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺼﻠﺢ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﻲ , ﺳﻨﴪدﻫﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﳐﺘﴫ ﺑﺎﻻﻋﺘﲈد ﻋﲆ ﻫﺬا اﳌﺼﺪر , وﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺮﺟﻮع إﱃ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﲆ ﻣﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ , وﺳﺄورد ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻜﻞ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﰲ اﳍﻮاﻣﺶ ﻟﻠﺮاﻏﺒﲔ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺘﺰادة ﻣﻦ اﳌﺮاﺟﻊ اﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ.
1 - Zhang, "Social Network Analysis: History, Concepts, and Research, p 3. 2 - John Scott, "Social network analysis: Developments, advances, and prospects," Social Network Analysis and Mining, Vol. 1, Issue. 1, (2011): 24 3 - Markus Gamper, "Social Network Theories: An Overview," in Andreas Klärner et al., (eds) Social Networks and Health Inequalities: A New Perspective for Research (Switzerland: Springer, 2022).
178
Made with FlippingBook Online newsletter