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Know the Risks and How to Use Them Safely Opioids are medications that help relieve pain. They affect your brain by blocking or reducing pain signals and interacting with its reward system. They’re available legally as prescription pain medications like hydrocodone and oxycodone and illegally as heroin. Prescription opioids can be very addictive and dangerous if they’re not used properly. Long-term use can lead to dependence and then withdrawal when you try to stop. You can also develop tolerance to opioids over time, having to take more and more to get the same pain relief. Side Effects You can experience side effects from prescription opioids, even when you take them as directed by your doctor. Opioid pain medications can cause: Constipation Nausea, vomiting, and dry mouth Taking Opioid Pain Medications
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for more detailed information on recovery from addiction and dependence.
Other Pain Relief Methods If you don’t want opioid pain medication during your hospital stay, tell your doctor or nurse. Ask your care team about alternatives that work alongside or instead of pain medication, like massage therapy, physical therapy, electrical nerve stimulation, acupuncture, or heat and cold therapy. You can also try these tips on your own to help relax your body and relieve pain: Dim or turn off the lights. Practice deep breathing or meditation—on your own, with a video, or through a mindfulness app on your phone or tablet. Play calming music. Talk or text with a loved one. Watch a movie, read, or play a game.
Fatigue and dizziness Itching and sweating Slow breathing
Confusion Depression
Long-term use can lead to side effects like: Tolerance Dependence Increased sensitivity to pain
Addiction Overdose
Talk to Your Doctor If you’re prescribed an opioid pain medication, be sure you know the possible risks. Talk to your doctor about safe use, especially if you need oxygen or use a CPAP machine. You may be more likely to have problems with breathing and getting enough oxygen when taking opioids. The best way to avoid side effects is to stop taking opioids as soon as possible. Talk to your doctor about how long you will need to take them, and ask about other options for managing pain. Discuss all of your concerns with your care team, and schedule a follow-up visit. Safe Use Take opioid pain medications exactly as prescribed. Don’t drink alcohol while you’re taking opioids, and ask your doctor for a list of medications to avoid. Never share your opioid pain medications or use another person’s. Store your prescriptions in a secure place that others can’t access. Throw away any leftover pills safely—to find out how, visit fda.gov/drugs/safe-disposal-medicines/ disposal-unused-medicines-what-you-should-know or scan the QR code.
Find Treatment for Addiction
If you or someone you know may be struggling with addiction, don’t wait to get help. Call 1-800-662- HELP (4357) or visit samhsa.gov/ find-help .
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