o Lack of liquid markets, and possible manipulation of blockchain-based assets. Digital assets that are represented on a blockchain and trade on a digital asset exchange may not necessarily benefit from viable trading markets. Stock exchanges have listing requirements and vet issuers, and perhaps users. These conditions may not necessarily be replicated on a digital asset exchange, depending on the platform’s controls and other policies. The more lenient a digital asset exchange is about vetting issuers of digital assets or users that transact on the platform, the higher the potential risk for fraud or the manipulation of digital assets. These factors may decrease liquidity or volume, or increase volatility of digital assets or other assets trading on a digital asset exchange. o Lack of regulation . Digital assets and their associated platforms are largely unregulated, and the regulatory environment is rapidly evolving. Because blockchain technology works by having every transaction build on every other transaction, participants can self-police any corruption, which can mitigate the need to depend on the current level of legal or government safeguards to monitor and control the flow of business transactions. As a result, participants engaged in blockchain activities may be exposed to adverse regulatory action, fraudulent activity, or even failure. There can be no guarantee that future regulation of blockchain technology or digital assets will not have a negative impact on the value of such technologies and of the investment vehicles in the which the Fund has indirect exposure to. To the extent that regulatory changes or actions are made by the U.S. Congress or any U.S. federal or state agencies on crypto assets leading to additional regulatory requirements and oversight, these changes may affect the value of the Shares or restrict the use of Bitcoin, mining activity or the operation of the Bitcoin network or the digital asset trading platforms in a manner that adversely affects the value of the shares held by the Fund. In addition, regulatory changes or other events in foreign jurisdictions may affect the value of the Shares or restrict the use of one or more digital assets, mining activity or the operation of their networks or digital asset trading platforms in a manner that adversely affects the value of the Shares. o Network amendment risk. Significant contributors to all or any digital asset network could propose amendments to the respective network’s protocols and software that, if accepted and authorized by such network, could adversely affect the blockchain network. For example, with respect to the Bitcoin network, a small group of individuals contribute to the Bitcoin network’s source code. Those individuals can propose refinements or improvements to the Bitcoin network’s source code through one or more software upgrades that alter the protocols and software that govern the Bitcoin network and the properties of Bitcoin, including the irreversibility of transactions and limitations on the mining of new Bitcoin. To the extent that a significant majority of the users and miners on the Bitcoin network install such software upgrade(s), the Bitcoin network would be subject to new protocols and software that may adversely affect the network. o Third party product defects or vulnerabilities . Where blockchain systems are built using third party products, those products may contain technical defects or vulnerabilities beyond a company’s control. Open-source technologies that are used to build a blockchain application, may also introduce defects and vulnerabilities. ● Cash Transactions Risk. The Fund may effect a significant portion of its creations and redemptions for cash, rather than in-kind securities. Paying redemption proceeds in cash rather than through in-kind delivery of portfolio securities may require the Fund to dispose of or sell portfolio securities or other assets at an inopportune time to obtain the cash needed to meet redemption orders. This may cause the Fund to sell a security and recognize a capital gain or loss that might not have been incurred if it had made a redemption in-kind. As a result, the Fund may pay out higher or lower annual capital gains distributions than ETFs that redeem in- kind. The use of cash creations and redemptions may also cause the Fund’s Shares to trade in the market at greater bid-ask spreads or greater premiums or discounts to the Fund’s NAV. Furthermore, the Fund may not be able to execute cash transactions for creation and redemption purposes at the same price used to determine the Fund’s NAV. To the extent that the maximum additional charge for creation or redemption transactions is insufficient to cover the execution shortfall, the Fund’s performance could be negatively impacted. ● Covered Call Option Writing Risk. By writing covered call options in return for the receipt of premiums, the Fund will give up the opportunity to benefit from potential increases in the value of the underlying instrument above the exercise prices of such options, but will continue to bear the risk of declines in the value of the underlying instrument. The premiums received from the options may not be sufficient to offset any losses sustained from the volatility of the underlying reference asset of the options over time. As a result, the risks associated with writing covered call options may be similar to the risks associated with writing put options. Exchanges may suspend the trading of options in volatile markets. If trading is suspended, the Fund may be unable to write options at times that may be desirable or advantageous to do so. ● Debt Securities Risk. Investments in debt securities subject the holder to the credit risk of the issuer. Credit risk refers to the possibility that the issuer or other obligor of a security will not be able or willing to make payments of interest and principal when due. Generally, the value of debt securities will change inversely with changes in interest rates. To the extent that interest rates rise,
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