King's Business - 1962-04

by Bolton Davidheiser, Chairman, Science Division, Biola. College

7 ^ 5 TîcâreiaÂa, Tfaut

horizon has been satisfactorily estab­ lished. M oreover the determ ination of its affinities and its identification as one of the h igh er primates closely akin to the A pe-M an o f Java, P ith e­ canthropus, have been made b y the most competent authorities on the specific characters of fossilized mam ­ m alian teeth . . . w ho not on ly have a w ider experience of such material than any other paleontologists, but also are m en w ith exact know ledge and sound judgm ent. One can there­ fore place im p licit trust in their claim that the tooth, found in the P liocene beds of Nebraska, is really that o f a prim itive m em ber of the human fam iy.” A year and a h a lf after this, G regory and H eilm an published an­ other paper in w h ich they stated they could not be sure whether it was more ape-like or more hum an , but that now G regory favored the view that it was m ore ape-like w h ile H eilm an con ­ tinued to believe that it was more human. T h e Am erican M useum of Natural H istory sent m en to the field to look for more teeth and other evidence of the Nebraska M an and w h ile this search was in progress, H. H. W ild er, Professor of Z oolog y at Sm ith College, published a book in w h ich he said that the original ow ner of the tooth seems to have been a being h alfw ay between the Java ape-man, P ithecan ­ thropus, and the N eanderthal type of man. M eanw h ile the m en from the museum found m ore of the material for w h ich they were look ing and it was recognized b y the scientists that the tooth w h ich had caused such a sensation was the tooth of an animal w h ich had previously been named Prosthennops. Th is was very embar­ rassing because Prosthennops was a kind of peccary, w h ich is a type of pig! It seems hardly necessary to say that the experts can be w ron g even in their areas of specialization. W h en there is a clear difference between Scripture and science, those w h o ac­ cept the B ible as the W ord of God w ill have no difficulty in making their choice.

O n M arch 14, 1922, H en ry Fair- field Osborn, D irector of the Am erican M useum o f Natural H is­ tory in N ew York City, received a package w h ich contained a single tooth. T h e same day he w rote to the sender, a consulting geologist named Harold Cook, “ T h e instant you r pack­ age arrived I sat down w ith the tooth, in m y w in dow , and said to m y ­ self: ‘It looks one hundred percent anthropoid.’ . . . it looks to me as if the first anthropoid ape of Am erica has been found.” W ritin g to M r. Cook again eight days later he said, “ The anim al is certain ly a new genus of anthropoid ape . . .” Professor Osborn named it H es- peropith ecu s haroldcookii, w h i c h means, H arold Cook’s ape of the west, referring to the western hem isphere, where no apes had been found pre­ viously. Dr. W illiam K. G regory and Dr. M ilo H eilm an , both of the Am erican M useum and both specialists in teeth, made a careful study of the specimen and concluded that it represented a form of life w h ich was closer to man than to apes. A lth ough Professor Os­ born had said that it was “ certam lv a new genus of anthropoid ape,” he changed his m ind and agreed w ith G regory and H eilm an , saying that “ it resembles the hum an type more closely than it does any known an­ thropoid type . . .” As the tooth had been found in Nebraska, H espero- pith ecus became known as the N e­ braska M an. About a m onth after the pu blica­ tion of the statement b y G regory and H eilm an that the tooth showed closer affinities to man than to apes, G. E lliott Sm ith, Professor of Anatom y at the University of London, pu b­ lished a short article in w h ich he pointed out that this was the oldest of all the hum an remains known to science and that its ancestors w an ­ dered to Am erica from Asia or A frica. He commented that this m igh t seem like a lot to conclude from a single tooth, but justified it by saying, “ But the specimen was discovered b y a geologist of w ide experience, and its

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