Fluorescent Probes and Lipids Check out our selection of fluorescent probes and lipids! Discover the difference
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Emission spectrum guide General information Types of fluorophores Functional groups for fluorescent labeling Avanti’s fluorescently labeled lipids
Fluorescent Probes General Information
Product Fluorescent probes (or fluorophores) are molecules that absorb and emit light at specific wavelengths. This results in illumination of the molecule and a researcher being able to visualize and study various biological targets by attaching these probes. Fluorescent probes are a critical tool for researchers to study cellular and molecular biology, discover new drugs, protein studies and much more. Fluorescent probes are extremely useful research tools as they can be used in highly sensitive fluorescence techniques even at low concentrations. Ability to use fluorophores at low concentrations makes them ideal for biological systems due to minimal impact on the system’s function. Their high sensitivity is due to their intense fluorescent emission which can be measured with great accuracy. This high sensitivity combined with the ability to tune fluorescent probes for specific biomolecules, creates a tool that is integral for tracking biological substances and monitoring disease markers. Avanti offers a wide variety of fluorescent probes and lipid-conjugated probes to fulfil your research needs. We use a wide variety of fluorophores to address a wide range of emission spectrum needs as well as biomolecule targets. Keep reading to learn more about our fluorescent probe and fluorescent lipids offering and start visualizing the biological system for your research today!
Need a specialized probe not in our catalog? Avanti offers custom synthesis services that can help you achieve your research needs! Contact us at customsynthesis@avantiresearch.com.
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Emission Spectrum Guide
Pyrene ~380
Product
Violet 400-420 nm
Indigo 420-440 nm
DPH ~430
Blue 440-490 nm
Laurdan ~500
TopFluor ~505
Dansyl ~515
Fluorescein ~525
Green 490-570 nm
NBD ~535
Cyanine 3 ~560
Top Fluor TMR ~570
Yellow 570-585 nm
Cyanine 3.5 ~580
Rhodamine ~580
Orange 585-620 nm
Red 620-780 nm
Cyanine 5 ~660
Cyanine 5.5 ~710
Cyanine 7 ~780
Cyanine 7.5 ~810
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Fluorescent Probes: NBD & TopFluor TM
Product Nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD) is a common fluorescent label, especially for lipids. NBD was discovered several decades ago but continues to be a popular choice for fluorescent labelling due to its desirable fluorescent characteristics. NBD shows maximum excitation and emission wavelengths of 465nm and 535nm, respectively. Nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD)
NBD probes are environmentally sensitive and highly reactive to amines and thiols. This environmental sensitivity provides key advantages that facilitate biomolecular interactions and self- assembly within buffers and live systems. The strong electron withdrawing nature of the nitro groups results in NBD derivates able to undergo aromatic substitution (if a suitable leaving group is present) which has helped researchers develop a variety of different sensing motifs for biological nucleophiles. These key chemical properties result in a fluorophore that is easily chemically modified and can be attached to a variety of proteins as well as other biomolecules. Due to the ease at which NBD can be attached to biomolecules, it makes NBD compounds valuable assets in lipid membrane studies, lysosomal lipid body analysis, and for drug screening.
Product TopFluor TM
TopFluor (also referred to as BODIPY) is an extremely versatile fluorophore that can be structurally modified to fulfil a variety of roles. TopFluor is an extremely versatile fluorophore due to its chemical makeup and its high tolerance for substitutions which results in a compound that can be derivatized to suit a researcher’s needs. TopFluor-labeled lipids are great aids in studying the distribution of lipids, lipid diffusion rates, and lipid dynamics. TopFluor has a tunable fluorescence emission range from 500 - 700nm, high fluorescent quantum yields regardless of the solution, and a high level of photostability. TopFluor has also been used to study accessibility in the lipid bilayer, cellular localization, and membrane dynamics via fluorescence recovery. Studies have indicated that this fluorescent label alters the biochemical and biophysical properties of lipids less than some other fluorescent labels, such as NBD, while also maintaining a low toxicity, low polarity, and a high degree of biocompatibility.
Top Fluor TM
Top Fluor TMR TM
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Fluorescent Probes: Cyanines & Squaraines
Cyanines
Product
Cyanine Probes are a family of probes that are chemically constructed from two indole rings connected via a polyalkene linker of various carbon lengths. The suffix at the end of the Cyanine name (Cyanine 2 or Cyanine 5, for example) indicates the number of carbons in the polyalkene linker, and if the suffix includes 0.5 (Cyanine 3.5 or Cyanine 5.5, for example) , this indicates a benzo-fused indole. By increasing the number of carbons in the linker, the excitation and emission wavelengths can be shifted. These probes have a similar fluorescent profile to traditional dyes such as fluorescein but have increased photostability and water solubility. These properties make these probes excellent for labelling amine groups such as those on antibodies, nucleic acids, and proteins. These probes can be detected using a variety of fluorescence detection techniques such as microscopy and flow cytometry.
Cyanine n.5 n = carbon linker length
Cyanine n n = carbon linker length
Product SquareFluor (Squaraines) TM
SquareFluor (Squaraine) probes are defined by their unique squaric acid derived aromatic ring which leaves the probe vulnerable to nucleophilic attack which destroys its fluorescent ability. This glaring issue has historically prevented these probes from being studied as much as others, but they recent advancements in their synthetic design to overcome these issues has led to a re-emergence of their use.
SquareFluor (610/630) TM
Squaraines are known to have extremely intense absorption bands and good photoconductivity while maintaining incredible photostability and a good quantum yield. Another key factor that makes Squaraine probes useful is that they can be synthesized with specific functional groups that target various biomolecules without compromising their photophysical properties. These properties make these probes promising in photodynamic therapy, bioimaging, and trace analyte sensors.
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Fluorescent Probes: Liss Rhod, DPH, & Pyrene
Product Lissamine Rhodamine (Liss Rhod)
Lissamine Rhodamine (Liss Rhod) is a fluorescent probe that can be used in a variety of applications including cell membrane dynamics and membrane fusion studies. Liss Rhod can also be used in liposome visualization to visualize the shape and size of a liposome as well as its interactions with other molecules. Avanti sells a variety of lipids tagged with the Liss Rhod fluorophore such as phosphatideylethanolamines (PEs), fatty acids, and triglycerides.
Product 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) has become a popular moiety for investigating the dynamic and structural properties of lipid bilayers and cellular membranes. The technique used for these studies is steady-state or time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy. DPH-labels also help explore properties such as lipid tail order, hydration at the membrane-water interface, membrane electrostatic properties, and dynamics of membrane components. One of the key properties of DPH that helps with these studies is its weak fluorescence in water but strong fluorescence in hydrophobic environments. DPH
Pyrene
Product Pyrenedecanoyl (Pyrene) is one of the most common fluorescent labels and is commonly incorporated as a head group in phospho- and glycerophospholipids. Pyrene labeled lipids are particularly useful for monitoring membrane fusion and phospholipid transfer processes due to their excimer-forming properties. The formation of the excited state pyrene-dimers, also called excimers, is concentration-dependent, and exhibits a red-shifted emission peak at ~470nm. Not only are pyrene probes useful for studying membrane fusion, but they are also excellent tools for studying protein folding and changes in structural confirmations of biomolecules.
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Fluorescent Probes: Dansyl, Laurdan, and Fluorescein
Product Dansyl based probes are commonly used to modify proteins and amino acids to have fluorescent properties. By modifying these proteins, it makes them much easier to detect for researchers due to dansyl having a high quantum yield and large Stokes shifts. Dansyl probes also see use in heavy metal detection due to the electron transfer effect between the metal and the excited probe. Dansyl
Product Laurdan is a fluorescent probe that is highly sensitive to the polarity of its environment. This sensitivity results in the probe’s emission spectra varying from environment to environment. Due to this key characteristic, it makes Laurdan an excellent tool for studying cell membrane and lipid bilayer dynamics. Laurdan
Product Fluorescein
Fluorescein is a probe that commonly sees uses in ophthalmic procedures as a contrast agent. However, it has many uses outside of the ophthalmic world as well. Fluorescein can be used to differentiate healthy tissue from diseased tissue making it an excellent tool for bioimaging. Many Fluorescein derivates have also proven to be useful to biological researchers. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) is commonly used for the labelling of protein and antibodies.
Need a specialized probe not in our catalog? Avanti offers custom synthesis services that can help you achieve your research needs! Contact us at customsynthesis@avantiresearch.com.
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Product Fluorescent Probes: Functionalized Probes Functionalized fluorescent probes Azide functionalized fluorescent probes allow copper-catalyzed click chemistry reactions with other molecules containing “acceptor” functional groups such as an alkyne. Azide functionalized fluorescent probes
Maleimide offers a selective and efficient method to attach the fluorescent probe to molecules containing a thiol functional group. Maleimide is particularly useful for conjugating the probe to proteins or peptides with cysteine residues. Maleimide functionalized fluorescent probes
DBCO functionalized fluorescent probes allow for copper-free click chemistry with other molecules containing a “donor” functional group such as an azide. DBCO functionalized fluorescent probes
These fluorophores feature an activated NHS ester moiety which is extremely reactive with nucleophiles such as amines. NHS esters are capable of reacting with amines in mild alkaline conditions without further activation. Applications of these probes include fluorescent tagging of peptides or proteins. NHS functionalized fluorescent probes
Free acid functionalized fluorescent probes Free acid functionalized fluorescent probes have a carboxylic acid moiety capable of reacting with primary amines to form stable amide bonds.
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Fluorescent Probes Reference Guide
Product
Product Number
Product Name Cyanine Probes Cyanine 3 Probes Cyanine 3, free acid Cyanine 3, Azide Cyanine 3, DBCO Cyanine 3, Maleimide Cyanine 3, NHS ester Cyanine 3.5, free acid Cyanine 3.5, Azide Cyanine 3.5, DBCO Cyanine 3.5, Maleimide Cyanine 3.5, NHS ester Cyanine 3.5 Probes Sulfo-Cyanine 3, free acid Cyanine 5 Probes Cyanine 5, free acid
Product Number
Organelle Targeting Probes
C-Laurdan ER-Laurdan Golgi-Laurdan Lyso-Laurdan Mito-Laurdan
810327
810329 810326
SquareFluor (620/650), free acid Bromo-SquareFluor (620/650), free acid Cyano-SquareFluor (690/715), free acid Sulfo-SquareFluor (630/650), free acid SquareFluor Probes TM TM TM TM TM
810356
810359 810349
We are actively expanding our line of fluorescent probes and lipids. If you don’t see a product number associated with a probe, that means the product is coming soon. Visit www.avantiresearch.com to find our most up to date product listings. We add new products on a monthly basis so check back every month as we expand our line of fluorescent probes and lipids!
Cyanine 5, Azide Cyanine 5, DBCO
810323
Cyanine 5, Maleimide Cyanine 5, NHS ester
810322 810320
Sulfo-Cyanine 5, free acid Cyanine 5.5 Probes Cyanine 5.5, free acid Cyanine 5.5, Azide Cyanine 5.5, DBCO Cyanine 5.5, Maleimide Cyanine 5.5, NHS ester Cyanine 7 Probes Cyanine 7, free acid Cyanine 7, DBCO Cyanine 7, NHS ester Meso-Cl Cyanine 7, free acid Cyanine 7.5 Probes
810357
810358 810352
Violet 400-420 nm
Blue 440-490 nm
Yellow 570-585 nm
Red 620-780 nm
Cyanine 7.5, free acid Cyanine 7.5, DBCO Cyanine 7.5, NHS ester Phospholipids - Fatty Acid Labeled
Indigo 420-440 nm
Green 490-570 nm
Orange 585-620 nm
Need a specialized probe not in our catalog? Avanti offers custom synthesis services that can help you achieve your research needs! Contact us at customsynthesis@avantiresearch.com.
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Fluorescent Lipids Reference Guide
Product Phospholipids - Headgroup Labeled 18:1 NBD PS 469
Product
λex max λem max
λex max λem max
Sphingolipids - Omega Fatty Acid Labeled
467 468 468 468 465 468 468 468 468 468 468 336 360 360
535 535 535 535 530 535 535 535 535 535 535 384 430 430 535 530 535 535 535 663 503 503 503 503 503 506 503 506
C6-NBD Ceramide C12-NBD Ceramide C12-NBD Sphinganine C12-NBD Phytosphingosine C6-NBD Sphingomyelin C12-NBD Sphingomyelin C6-NBD Galactosyl Ceramide C6-NBD Glucosyl Ceramide C12-NBD Glucosyl Ceramide C6-NBD Lactosyl Ceramide C12-NBD Lactosyl Ceramide 12:0 pyrene GM1 (synthetic) DPH Sphingomyelin DPH Ceramide
533 533 533 533 533 533 779 779 779 519 519 615 663 663 535 663 663 663 663 710 710 710 539 518 513 379 515 583 583 583 583 579 535 535 535 535 535 535
18:1 Dansyl PS 18:1 Dansyl PE 18:1 Pyrene PE
335 336 351 490 560 560 560 560 560 460 463 460 460 460 460 460 646 646 646 646 684 684 684 756 756 756 496 495 583 646 646
18:1 PE CF
Egg Liss Rhod PE 18:1 Liss Rhod PE 14:0 Liss Rhod PE 16:0 Liss Rhod PE 18:0 Liss Rhod PE
Egg NBD PE 18:1 NBD Lyso PE 18:0 NBD PE (NBD-DSPE) 4ME 16:0 NBD PE (NBD-DPhPE)
Sphingolipids - Omega Sphingosine Labeled
14:0 NBD PE 16:0 NBD PE 18:1 NBD PE 18:1 Cyanine 5 PE
468 465 468 468 468 464 495 495 495 495 495 495 495 495
NBD Lyso SM NBD Sphingosine NBD Sphinganine NBD Sphingosine-1-Phosphate
18:0 Cyanine 5 PE DSPE PEG(2000)-N-Cyanine 5 DOPE PEG(2000)-N-Cyanine 5 18:1 Cyanine 5.5 PE 18:0 Cyanine 5.5 PE DSPE PEG(2000)-N-Cyanine 5.5
NBD 18:0 Ceramide C16 Cyanine 5 SM Glycerolipids
16:0-LR/18:1/18:1 TG - lissamine rhodamine C16/C11-TF/C12-DNP TG 18:1-C11 TopFluor™-C11 TopFluor™ TG 18:1-6:0 DNP-C11 TopFluor™ TG
18:1 Cyanine 7 PE 18:0 Cyanine 7 PE
C4 TopFluor™ MG C11 TopFluor™ MG 18:1-C11 TopFluor™ DG 18:1-18:1-C11 TopFluor™ TG
DSPE PEG(2000)-N-Cyanine 7 18:0 PE-TopFluor™ AF488 18:1 PE-TopFluor™ AF488 18:1 PE-TopFluor™ AF594 18:1 Cyanine 5 PC 18:1 Cyanine 5 Cardiolipin
Phospholipids - Fatty Acid Labeled
Violet 400-420 nm
Blue 440-490 nm
Yellow 570-585 nm
14:0-06:0 NBD PE 14:0-12:0 NBD PE 16:0-06:0 NBD PE 16:0-12:0 NBD PE 18:1-06:0 NBD PE 18:1-12:0 NBD PE
460 460 460 460 460 460
Red 620-780 nm
Indigo 420-440 nm
Green 490-570 nm
Orange 585-620 nm
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Fluorescent Lipids Reference Guide
Product
Product
λex max λem max
λex max λem max
λex max λem max
544 495 TopFluor™ Derivatives - Phospholipids TopFluor™ TMR PC TopFluor™ PI(4,5)P2 TopFluor™ PI(4)P TopFluor™ PI(3,5)P2 495 495
TopFluor™ Derivatives - Other
507 507 507 503 571 571 503 503 503 503 571 503 571 571 571 503 503 503 503 503 503 507 503 503 503 503 503 519 503 519 615 507 503 503 503 503 503 507
360 560 465 467 460 468 366 497 495 496 495 467 467 465 481 460 467 485 646 756 646 684
430 585 530 535 533 535 497 507 503 511 511 538 538 530 539 525 538 523 663 779 663 710
TopFluor™ Oleic Acid TopFluor™ DG TopFluor™ - SOBRAC TopFluor™ - oxPAPC
TopFluor™ PI TopFluor™ TMR PI TopFluor™ PI(3,4,5)P3 TopFluor™ TMR PA TopFluor™ TMR PE TopFluor™ TMR PS TopFluor™ Lyso PA
495 544 495 544 544 544 495 495 495 495 495 495 498 495 495 495 495 495 496 495 495 583
Sterols
25-NBD Cholesterol NBD-6 Cholesterol NBD-12 Cholesterol 25-NBD cholest-4-en-3-one 22-NBD-Cholesterol 22-NBD 25-hydroxycholesterol Fluorescent PEG Lipids 18:0 PEG2000 PE CF DSPE PEG(2000)-N-Cyanine 5 DSPE PEG(2000)-N-Cyanine 7 DOPE PEG(2000)-N-Cyanine 5 DSPE PEG(2000)-N-Cyanine 5.5
TopFluor™ PC TopFluor™ PE TopFluor™ PS
TopFluor™ Lyso PC TopFluor™ Lyso PE TopFluor™ Cardiolipin 16:0-C4 TopFluor™ DNP Cap PE TopFluor™ TMR Cardiolipin
Other
DPH-propionic acid
TopFluor™ TMR PI(3)P TopFluor™ TMR PI(4)P 18:1 TopFluor™ PE 18:0 PE-TopFluor™ AF488 TopFluor™ TMR PI(4,5)P2 18:1 PE-TopFluor™ AF488 18:1 PE-TopFluor™ AF594
Palmitic Acid - Lissamine Rhodamine
NBD Palmitic Acid
NBD AA
12-NBD Stearate
18-NBD 18:1 Coenzyme A Laurdan
495 495 TopFluor™ Derivatives - Sphingolipids C11 TopFluor™ GM3 C11 TopFluor™ Ceramide C11 TopFluor™ Sphingomyelin
495 495 495 495
TopFluor™ Derivatives - Sterols TopFluor™ Cholesterol 16:0 TopFluor™ cholesterol 18:2 TopFluor™ cholesterol 25-(C4 TopFluor™) 25-OH cholesterol TopFluor™ TMR cholesterol C11 TopFluor™ Galactosyl Ceramide C11 TopFluor™ Glucosyl Ceramide C11 TopFluor™ Ceramide-1-Phosphate TopFluor™ Sphingosine
495
495 495 495 495 545
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The information in this publication is believed to be accurate and is given in good faith, but no representation or warranty as to its completeness or accuracy is made. Suggestions for uses or applications are only opinions. Users are responsible for determining the suitability of these products for their own particular purpose. No representation or warranty, expressed or implied, is made with respect to information or products including, without limitation, warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement of any third-party patent or other intellectual property rights including, without limit, copyright, trademark and designs. Unless otherwise stated, any trademarks identified herein are trademarks of the Croda group of companies. Avanti Research is a trademark of Croda international Plc. Avanti Research is a Croda brand associated with Avanti Polar Lipids, LLC. ©2024 Croda International.
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