Fluorescent Probes: Cyanines & Squaraines
Cyanines
Product
Cyanine Probes are a family of probes that are chemically constructed from two indole rings connected via a polyalkene linker of various carbon lengths. The suffix at the end of the Cyanine name (Cyanine 2 or Cyanine 5, for example) indicates the number of carbons in the polyalkene linker, and if the suffix includes 0.5 (Cyanine 3.5 or Cyanine 5.5, for example) , this indicates a benzo-fused indole. By increasing the number of carbons in the linker, the excitation and emission wavelengths can be shifted. These probes have a similar fluorescent profile to traditional dyes such as fluorescein but have increased photostability and water solubility. These properties make these probes excellent for labelling amine groups such as those on antibodies, nucleic acids, and proteins. These probes can be detected using a variety of fluorescence detection techniques such as microscopy and flow cytometry.
Cyanine n.5 n = carbon linker length
Cyanine n n = carbon linker length
Product SquareFluor (Squaraines) TM
SquareFluor (Squaraine) probes are defined by their unique squaric acid derived aromatic ring which leaves the probe vulnerable to nucleophilic attack which destroys its fluorescent ability. This glaring issue has historically prevented these probes from being studied as much as others, but they recent advancements in their synthetic design to overcome these issues has led to a re-emergence of their use.
SquareFluor (610/630) TM
Squaraines are known to have extremely intense absorption bands and good photoconductivity while maintaining incredible photostability and a good quantum yield. Another key factor that makes Squaraine probes useful is that they can be synthesized with specific functional groups that target various biomolecules without compromising their photophysical properties. These properties make these probes promising in photodynamic therapy, bioimaging, and trace analyte sensors.
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