Fluorescent Probes: Liss Rhod, DPH, & Pyrene
Product Lissamine Rhodamine (Liss Rhod)
Lissamine Rhodamine (Liss Rhod) is a fluorescent probe that can be used in a variety of applications including cell membrane dynamics and membrane fusion studies. Liss Rhod can also be used in liposome visualization to visualize the shape and size of a liposome as well as its interactions with other molecules. Avanti sells a variety of lipids tagged with the Liss Rhod fluorophore such as phosphatideylethanolamines (PEs), fatty acids, and triglycerides.
Product 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) has become a popular moiety for investigating the dynamic and structural properties of lipid bilayers and cellular membranes. The technique used for these studies is steady-state or time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy. DPH-labels also help explore properties such as lipid tail order, hydration at the membrane-water interface, membrane electrostatic properties, and dynamics of membrane components. One of the key properties of DPH that helps with these studies is its weak fluorescence in water but strong fluorescence in hydrophobic environments. DPH
Pyrene
Product Pyrenedecanoyl (Pyrene) is one of the most common fluorescent labels and is commonly incorporated as a head group in phospho- and glycerophospholipids. Pyrene labeled lipids are particularly useful for monitoring membrane fusion and phospholipid transfer processes due to their excimer-forming properties. The formation of the excited state pyrene-dimers, also called excimers, is concentration-dependent, and exhibits a red-shifted emission peak at ~470nm. Not only are pyrene probes useful for studying membrane fusion, but they are also excellent tools for studying protein folding and changes in structural confirmations of biomolecules.
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