T oxicology is the scientific discipline that studies the adverse effects of chemicals, drugs, and other substances on living organisms. It involves the identification, characterization, and evaluation of toxic substances and their mechanisms of action, as well as the assessment of their potential risks to human health and the environment. Toxicologists examine how various substances interact with biological systems, including cells, tissues, organs, and whole organisms. They investigate the toxic effects of chemicals at different levels, such as molecular, cellular, and systemic, to understand their modes of toxicity. These effects can range from immediate reactions to chronic conditions, and toxicologists aim to determine the dose-response relationship—the relationship between the
amount of exposure to a substance and the resulting toxic effects. The field of toxicology is interdisciplinary and incorporates knowledge from biology, chemistry, pharmacology, biochemistry, physiology, and environmental science. Toxicologists employ a variety of experimental and computational methods to assess the toxicity of substances, including in vitro studies using cells and tissues, animal testing, and epidemiological studies of human populations. Toxicology plays a crucial role in various areas, including drug development, chemical safety evaluation, environmental risk assessment, occupational health, forensic toxicology, and public health. CONTINUE READING > > >
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