Unit 13
Language Present perfect tense
The present perfect tense tells us about something which happened in the past. It does not tell us when it happened. It is formed from the helping verb has or have + the past participle : “I have found fresh fish for my mate,” said the fox.
helping verb past participle
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1 Find three examples of the present perfect tense in the story on pages 115–116.
Past participles for you to learn be been begin begun bite bitten break broken choose chosen drink drunk drive driven eat eaten find found fly flown give given go gone hide hidden know known see seen sing sung speak spoken swim swum take taken throw thrown write written
2 Complete the sentences with has or have . 1 The otters have caught a fish. 2 The fox ______ hidden behind a tree. 3 ______ the otters seen the fox? 4 The fox’s mate ______ not eaten fish for a while. 5 The fox’s family ______ enjoyed eating the fish. 6 The otters ______ not had any lunch. 7 No one ______ read this story before. 8 The students ______ written their own fables.
Past participle
Regular past participles are formed by adding ‘ed’ or ‘d’ to the root verb: shout è shout ed argue è argue d For most verbs the past simple and past participle are the same, BUT there are a lot of irregula r past participles which must be learnt, e.g: eat è eaten
3 Copy the table. Complete it with the verbs in the box. choose tell decide take catch speak
go
begin
find
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Root verb
Simple past
Past participle
choose
chose
chosen
• Exercise 2: Remind students of subject–verb agreement. Collective nouns and pronouns like everyone are used with singular verbs. CR Compare the use of this tense in Standard English with past tenses in Creole. After students complete Exercise 2 read out the sentences in Creole for them to compare.
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