Unit 10
Language: conjunctions
We use conjunctions to join words, phrases and sentences. The words and, or, but and so are coordinating conjunctions . We use coordinating conjunctions to join two sentences which are equally important: The volcano has not erupted for some time. It might erupt again one day . The volcano has not erupted for some time, but it might erupt again one day . 1 The guide took us to the crater and showed us the steam rising. 2 The volcano erupted last year ______ it did not do much damage. 3 We saw the crater ______ we bathed in the sulphur springs. 4 There was a lot of steam ______ we felt very hot. 5 You can go on a tour ______ you can stay on the beach. 6 A lot of people go to see the Pitons ______ only a few climb to the top. 7 We were thirsty after our visit ______ we bought some cold drinks. 8 Mom took a lot of pictures ______ she mailed them to her sister. 1 Complete each sentence with so, or, and or but .
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If we join two sentences with the same subject with the conjunctions and , or , but , so we do not need to repeat the subject:
I called my friend. I told him about the visit. I called my friend and told him about the visit .
The conjunctions although, because, so that , unless, until are subordinating conjunctions . We use them to join two sentences where one sentence is more important than the other: We visited the springs because we wanted to bathe in the water. more important less important 2 Find the conjunctions in the following paragraph. Are they coordinating or subordinating conjunctions? Example: because (subordinating) Alyssa went to the library because she wanted to find information for her project. She opened the encyclopaedia and looked for information about coral reefs. She found the section on reefs but it did not contain the information she needed. She decided to look online so she used one of the library computers. There was a lot of information on reefs, although it took a long time to find what she wanted. She took out her notebook so that she could note down the most important points. By now it was getting late so she checked the time. Unless she left at once, she would be late for lunch.
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• Look for examples of conjunctions although, because, but in the reading text. Explain that we use because to give a reason and although to show contrast. The clause beginning with although often goes at the beginning of the sentence. Tell students that subordinate means less important. • Remind students that we use ‘and’ to add information, ‘but’ when something is surprising and ‘so’ to show a result.
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