Revision
Rewrite these sentences putting in the missing commas. 1 My friend Malik is moving to another school. 2 I stuffed the books papers and pens back into my bag. 3 Nobody not even Jamil knows the full story. 4 The cat just like the dog lay down in the shade. Colons See page 140
A colon is used at the end of a statement to introduce a list. The items in the list are separated by commas.
1 Choose the sentence in which the capital letters and punctuation marks are all correct.
1 a) We counted everything: cars, trucks, bicycles, and buses. b) We counted everything: cars, trucks, bicycles and buses. c) We counted everything: cars trucks, bicycles, and buses.
2 Punctuate the sentence below with a colon and commas. We saw lots of fish at the market barracuda grouper kingfish and snapper Apostrophes See pages 77, 120 We use apostrophes with contractions (short form of verbs and their subjects) to show that letters have been left out. I will – I’ll, He cannot – He can’t
Rewrite each of these contractions in its full form. 1 we’re 2 I’ve 3 he didn’t 4 they’re GRAMMAR Nouns See page 11 Proper nouns See Capital letters page 11 Collective nouns See pages 11, 68
5 you couldn’t 6 she won’t
Collective nouns name groups of people, animals and things. A library of books
Which word can be used with the collective noun? 1 pack: dogs fish cards
4 flock: cows birds sheep 5 herd: goats cats cows 6 bunch: flowers bananas
2 swarm: bees insects whales 3 team: cards players footballers
pears
• See page 152 for revision of apostrophes used to form possessive nouns. • Remind students that a collective noun takes a singular verb if the group is acting as a single unit: The family is going to the beach. We use plural verbs with collective nouns when we think of the group as individuals, all doing different things: The family are doing different things this afternoon.
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