Unit 3
Language Clauses
A clause is a group of words that usually contains a subject and verb. a little tram took her round è This is a clause because it has a subject (tram) and a verb (took). a little tram è This is not a clause because there is no verb. It is a phrase.
1 Which of these groups of words are clauses and which are phrases? 1 in London
5 he gave me 6 at the airport 7 there are no caves 8 in history
9 two options 10 we will meet you
2 she saw some 3 I am interested 4 awesome caverns
A sentence is made up of one or more clauses. A little tram took her round. è This is a simple sentence made of one clause. A little tram took her round and water drops fell onto her head! è This sentence is a compound sentence made of two clauses joined by the conjunction ‘and’. Example: there are no caves + in London è There are no caves in London. 2 Join each clause in Exercise 1 to one of the phrases to make a longer sentence.
Conjunctions
WB 6 p61
Sentences with only one verb and subject are simple sentences . Sentences joined by a co-ordinating conjunction are compound sentences.
Conjunctions join words, phrases, clauses and sentences: It is Nathan’s birthday so Grandpa is taking him out. And, but, or so are co-ordinating conjunctions . They are used to join two sentences which are equally important: I’m interested in history (and) I am also fascinated by geology.
3 Join the following sentences with and , but or so .
1 There are underground lakes. There are waterfalls too. 2 The caves are dark and deep. It is not cold down there. 3 The tour lasted an hour. It seemed much less. 4 Harrison’s Cave is in the middle of Barbados. It is near the community of Allen View. Example: It was beautiful. We learnt a lot. è It was beautiful and we learnt a lot.
5 The route 4 bus goes there. You do not need to drive. 6 There is an eco-adventure tour. You have to be 16 or over.
7 The place is called St. Nicholas Abbey. It is not a religious institution. 8 You can look round the big house. You can also visit the sugar museum.
• Remind students that we use ‘and’ to add information, ‘but’ when something is surprising, and ‘so’ to show a result.
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