Unit 5
Language Past participle
WB 6 p48
The past tense and past participle of most verbs are the same. We usually form them by adding ‘ ed ’ to the root verb: Mr. Taylor had helped him. Some past participles are irregular and we have to learn them: He had chosen his moment. We use the helping verb to have and the past participle to make the present perfect and the past perfect tenses.
1 Complete these sentences with the past participle of the verb in brackets.
1 Clive had __________ (work) hard. 2 He had __________ (do) his best to help his mom. 3 It had not __________ (be) easy. 4 The neighbours had __________ (speak) to his mom about the noise. 5 He had __________ (take) down the sign. 6 Everyone had __________ (go) away. 7 His friends had __________ (have) a good time. 8 The pushcart had __________ (stand) up to the rough treatment. Example: Clive has seen (see) very few cars today.
Past participle been
Verb be
Past was/were began
begun broken chosen
begin break choose come do
broke chose came
come done eaten fallen got
did ate fell got
eat fall get give go
given gone known made run said seen spoken taken thrown written
gave went knew made ran said saw spoke took threw wrote
know make run say see speak take throw write
Present perfect tense
WB 6 p49
We use the present perfect tense to talk about something which happened in the past when we do not know when it happened, or when the time is not given. It is formed from the helping verb has or have + the past participle: helping verb past participle You have ruined my display!
• Remind students that they have already practised the present participle in this book (ending in ‘-ing’). You may also wish to recap the tenses they have already studied (simple present, simple past and present and past continuous) and how they are used.
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