2021 Balanced Approach Agronomic Program Planning Guide -FL

2020-2021 AGRONOMIC PLANNING GUIDE Harrell’s Recommendations for a Balanced Approach Annual Program

Florida

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Contact your Harrell’s Representative today to get started on your customized Balanced Approach Annual Program. 800.282.8007 or www.harrells.com.

Use the tables on this page to assess the impact of irrigation water on plant quality

Table 1. Total salinity hazard classification guidelines for variable quality irrigation water based on Electrical Conductivity (ECw) and Total Dissolved Salts (ppm). Salinity Hazard Class ECw (dS/m) Total Dissolved Salts (ppm) Potential Injury & Management Requirements Low <0.75 <500 Low salinity hazard. No management. Medium 0.75 – 1.50 500 – 1,000 Damage only to very salt-sensitive plants. Occasional leaching to prevent salt accumulation may be necessary. High 1.5 – 3.00 1,000 – 2,000 Damage to plants with low tolerance to salinity will likely occur. Apply excess irrigation for leaching, and/ or periodic use of low- salinity water. Very High >3.00 >2,000 Damage to plants with high tolerance to salinity may occur. Use salt-tolerant plants. Site must have good drainage. Excess irrigation for drainage.

Table 2. Salt tolerance of selected turfgrass species. Tolerance Species ECw (dS/m) ppm Excellent Seashore paspalum >10 6,500 Good St. Augustinegrass Zoysiagrass Bermudagrass Kikuyugrass 6-10 4,000 -6,500 Fair Perennial ryegrass Tall fescue Annual ryegrass 3-6 2,000 - 4,000 Poor <3 <2,000

Table 4. Nutrient guidelines in irrigation water (ppm) Nutrient Low Normal High Very High P <0.01 0.1 – 0.4 0.4 – 0.8 >0.8 PO 4 <0.3 0.3 – 1.21 1.21 – 2.42 >2.42 P 2 O 5 <0.23 0.23 – 0.92 0.92 – 1.83 >1.83 K <5 5 – 20 20 – 30 >30 K 2 O <6 6 – 24 24 – 36 >36 Ca <20 20 – 60 60 – 80 >80 Mg <10 10 – 25 25 – 35 >35 N <1.1 1.1 – 11.3 11.3 – 22.6 >22.6 NO 3 <5 5 – 50 50 – 100 >100 S <10 10 – 30 30 – 60 >60 SO 4 <30 30 – 90 90 – 180 >180 Table 5. Reclaimed water guidelines—

Centipede Bahiagrass Poa annua Poa trivialis Creeping Bentgrass

*Salt tolerance can shift based on moisture stress, increasing temperatures, and soil infiltration/ percolation.

Table 3. Specific Ions in irrigation water

recommended max. values TDS(ppm)........................................ 960 EC w (dS/m). ........................................1.5 SAR w ....................................................5.7 adj SAR w .......................................... 11.6 RSC(meq/L). ............................... <1.25 HCO 3 (ppm)..................................... 250 B(ppm)...............................................0.5

Degree of Problem

Cl(ppm)............................................250 Na(ppm)..........................................200 Fe. ....................................................... 5.0 Mn. ..................................................... 0.2 Zn........................................................ 2.0 Cu........................................................ 0.2 Ni......................................................... 0.2

Ion in water Sodium (Na) Roots

Low

Medium High

SAR w ppm

<3 <70 <3 <69

3-9 70-210

>9 >210

Leaves

meq/L ppm

>3 >69

Chloride Roots

SAR w ppm <2

2-10 70-335

>10 >355 >3 >100

Table 6. Nutrient ratios in irrigation water and potential nutrient deficiencies* Ca:Mg

<70

Leaves

meq/L ppm

<3 <100

<3:1 >8:1

Ca deficiency Mg deficiency Ca deficiency K deficiency

Bicarbonate (HCO 3 )

Ca:K

<10:1 >30:1 <2:1 >10:1

meq/L

<1.5 <90

1.5-8.5 90-500

>8.5 >500

ppm

Mg:K Mg deficiency K deficiency *Irrigation water with nutrient concentrations outside these ranges can be used; the fertility program must be adjusted to avoid deficiencies.

SAR w = Sodium adsorption ratio of water

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Use the tables on this page to assess the impact of irrigation water on soil water infiltration

Table 7. Assessing soils for sodium problems related to water infiltration. Use the following equation to determine the Sodium Adsorption Ratio of the irrigation water: SAR = Na + /(sqrtCa +2 + Mg +2 /2) = meq/L Example: Water sample reports the following:

Na + = 1,000 ppm Ca +2 = 200 ppm Mg +2 = 100 ppm 1. Convert ppm to meq/L.

Table 9. Assessing irrigation water for excessive carbonates (CO 3 -2 ) and bicarbonates (HCO s -) in relation to calcium and magnesium which may lead to soil deflocculation. Use the following equation to determine the Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) value of the irrigation water: RSC = (CO 3 -2 + HCO s -) – (Ca 2+ + Mg 2+ ) in meq/L Example: Water sample reports the following: CO 3 -2 = 6 ppm HCO s - = 183 ppm

Na + = 1,000 ppm /23 = 44 meq/L Ca +2 = 200 ppm/20 = 10 meq/L Mg +2 = 100 ppm/12.2 = 8.2 meq/L

2. Place values into SAR equation: 44/(sqrt10+8.2/2) = 20.6 3. Use the following table to determine potential sodium hazard SAR w values, categories, and precautions for irrigation sources with ECw > 1dS/m SAR (meq/L) Sodium Hazard Precaution 0-10 low Na water Little danger from structure deterioration to soil. 10-18

Ca +2 = 30 ppm Mg +2 = 18 ppm

medium Na water Problems on fine-textured soils and sodium-sensitive plants, especially under low-leaching conditions.

Convert ppm to meq/L CO 3 -2 = 6 ppm/30 = 0.2 meq/L HCO s - = 183 ppm/61 = 3.0 meq/L Ca +2 = 30 ppm/20 = 1.5 meq/L Mg +2 = 18 ppm/12 = 1.5 meq/L Place values into RSC equation: (0.2 + 3.0) – (1.5 + 1.5) = 0.2 meq/L

18-24

high Na water

Na accumulations on most soils. Salt- tolerant plants required with use of special amendments such as gypsum and leaching.

> 24

very high Na water Unsatisfactory except with high salinity (>2dS/m), high Ca levels, and use of gypsum

3. Use the following table to determine potential residual sodium carbonate hazard RSC (meq/L) RSC Hazard Precaution <0 Minor Problems Little effect on infiltration. 1.25 – 2.5 Increasing Problems

Table 8. Interaction of sodium adsorption ratio of water (SAR w ) and electrical conductivity of water (EC w ) on soil water infiltration. Irrigation water influence on soil permeability SAR w & EC w No Restrictions Slight to Moderate Restriction Severe Restriction SAR w = EC w = 0 – 3 >0.7 0 – 3 0.7 - 0.2 0 – 3 <0.2

Infiltration may decrease with high sodium in soil or irrigation water. Consider flushing soils with calcium and magnesium amendments. Severe deflocculation will occur with high sodium soil or irrigation water sodium. Soil flushing with calcium and magnesium amendments is required to improve soil structure and permeability.

>2.5

Severe problems

SAR w = EC w = SAR w = EC w = SAR w = EC w = SAR w = EC w =

3 – 6 >1.2

3 – 6 1.2 – 0.3 6 – 12 1.9 – 0.5 12 – 20 2.9 – 1.3 20 – 40 5 – 2.9

3 – 6 <0.3

6 – 12 >1.9

6 – 12 <0.5

Please contact your Harrell’s Representative for more information

12 – 20 >2.9 20 – 40 >5.0

12 – 20 <1.3 20 – 40 <2.9

9/19

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Managing Poor IrrigationWater Quality Professional Solutions to Overcome these Challenges

The use of reclaimed (or) poor irrigation water quality often results in: 1. Reduced water infiltration 2. Increased accumulation of bicarbonate precipitates 3. High soil pH 4. Destruction of soil structure leading to a poorly oxygenated root zone 5. Decreased micronutrient availability

3 techniques to address poor quality irrigation water include: 1. Dissolve bicarbonate precipitates, this will assist in decreasing soil pH 2. Adding high quality, soluble calcium (Ca 2+ ), magnesium (Mg 2+ ), and potassium (K + ) to displace sodium (Na + ) and improve soil structure 3. Using a proven wetting agent to increase water infiltration, distribution, and increase gas exchange

RECOMMENDATION FOR SUCCESS Harrell’s has developed and formulated several key sprayable products to help you manage and offset the adverse affects from poor irrigation water quality. We recommend you implement a combination of these Sodium and Bicarbonate Remediation Management products using a program approach combined with Fleet®. Fleet® improves water infiltration and improves water distribution throughout the root zone, allowing for maximum displacement of sodium and bicarbonates.

CAL PLUS 3-0-0 • Concentrated, safe, sprayable acid • Dissolves and displaces, bicarbonates and sodium • Lowers soil pH • 10% Ca • Soil (or) foliar application • 7-14 oz/1,000ft 2

SALT RX 0-0-5 • Concentrated, safe, sprayable acid • Displaces sodium accumulation • Lowers soil pH • Soil (or) foliar application • 1-2 oz/1,000ft 2

Cal Plus

Salt Rx

KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN

3-0-0 GUARANTEED ANALYSIS Total Nitrogen (N) .......................................................... 3.0% 3.0% Nitrate Nitrogen Calcium (Ca)...................................................................10.0% 10.0% Complexed Calcium (Ca) Magnesium (Mg) ........................................................... 1.0% 1.0% Complexed Magnesium (Mg) Boron (B) ........................................................................... 0.3% Derived from: Calciumnitrate, magnesiumnitrate, calciumgluconate, magnesiumgluconate, boric acid. WARNING: The use of the fertilizingmaterial Boron (B) on any crops other than those recommendedmay result in serious injury to the crop. Avoid getting in eyes or on skin. The use of safety glasses with side shields (or goggles) and water repellent, chemical resistant gloves when handling this product is recommended. Do not contaminate water during application or when cleaning equipment. IN CASE OF SPILL OR MEDICAL EMERGENCY, CONTACT CHEMTREC 1-800-424-9300. • PRECAUTIONS • F352

KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN

0-0-5 GUARANTEED ANALYSIS Soluble Potash (K 2 O)...................................................5.00%

CAUTION

Read entire label for additional precautionary statements and use directions. FOR PROFESSIONAL USE ONLY

Derived from: Potassiumcitrate

F352

FIRST AID If on Skin: Wash with soap and water. Consult a physician if any irritation persists If in Eyes: Rinse with clean water for 15 minutes. Remove contact lenses after the first 5 minutes and continue to rinse. Seek medical attention if irritation persists. If Ingested: Call 911 or a physician for treatment advice. Have the product label with you when calling a doctor or going for treatment.

FIRST AID If on Skin: Wash with soap and water. Consult a physician if any irritation persists. If in Eyes: Rinse with clean water for 15 minutes. Remove contact lenses after the first 5 minutes and continue to rinse. Seek medical attention if irritation persists. If Ingested: Call 911 or a physician for treatment advice. Have the product label with you when calling a doctor or going for treatment.

PRECAUTIONS •

Avoid getting in eyes or on skin. The use of safety glasses with side shields (or goggles) and water repellent, chemical resistant gloves when handling this product is recommended. Do not contaminate food, feed, seed or water supplies during application or when cleaning equipment. IN CASE OF SPILL OR MEDICAL EMERGENCY, CONTACT CHEMTREC 1-800-424-9300. •

NET CONTENTS:

250 gallons (946 liters)

30 gallons (113.52 liters)

2.5 gallons (9.46 liters) Weight per gallon: 9.50 lbs. @68°F

250 gallons (946 liters)

55 gallons (208.2 liters)

30 gallons (113.56 liters)

2.5 gallons (9.46 liters) Weight per gallon: 11.2 lbs. @ 68°F

Harrell’s, LLC Post Office Box 807 | Lakeland, FL 33802 | (800) 282-8007 | Harrells.com

Harrell’s, LLC Post Office Box 807 | Lakeland, FL 33802 | (800) 282-8007 | Harrells.com #200247 07/16

SOIL SURGE 17-0-0 • Highly concentrated, safe, sprayable • Dissolves bicarbonate precipitates

FLEET® • Increases water infiltration and hydraulic conductivity • Promotes firm, fast putting surfaces • Provides deep, uniform soil moisture distribution • Increases soil oxygen content

Soil Surge 17-0-0

Fleet® 100

ACTIVE INGREDIENT Polyoxyalkylene Polymers.................................100.0%

KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN

GUARANTEED ANALYSIS Total Nitrogen (N) .................................................. 17.00% 17.0% Urea Nitrogen

KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN

CAUTION

Read entire label for additional precautionary statements and use directions. FOR PROFESSIONAL USE ONLY DANGER

NONPLANT FOOD INGREDIENT

Read entire label for additional precautionary statements and use directions. FOR PROFESSIONAL USE ONLY

Derived from: Urea

F352

DRAFT • Lowers soil pH • Soil application • 16-64 oz/A

PRECAUTIONS •

FIRST AID If on Skin: Wash with soap and water. Consult a physician if any irritation persists If in Eyes: Rinse with clean water for 15 minutes. Remove contact lenses after the first 5 minutes and continue to rinse. Seek medical attention if irritation persists. If Ingested: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Call 911 or a physician for treatment advice. Have the product label with you when calling a doctor or going for treatment.

PRECAUTIONS •

Avoid getting in eyes or on skin. Use safety glasses with side shields (or goggles) and water repellent, chemical resistant gloves when handling this product. Do not contaminate water during application or when cleaning equipment.

•

• Do not breathe fumes, mists, spray or vapors. IN CASE OF SPILL OR MEDICAL EMERGENCY, CONTACT CHEMTREC 1-800-424-9300.

NET CONTENTS

NET CONTENTS:

250 gallons (946 liters)

30 gallons (113.52 liters)

2.5 gallons (9.46 liters) Weight per gallon: 10.01 lbs. @ 68° F

250 gallons (946 liters)

30 gallons (113.52 liters)

2.5 gallons (9.46 liters) Weight per gallon: 8.75 lbs. @ 68°F

*May be combined with Fleet® or Symphony and water in after application

# FLEET100-2.5 #FLEET100-30 #FLEET100-250 09/17

#200251 #200251-30 #200251-250 03/18

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For additional recommendations for managing poor irrigation water quality, ask your Harrell’s Sales Representative for a copy of the new Sodium Remediation and Bicarbonate Management Flush program. Supplement liquid treatments with Harrell’s CalMAX G and/or Harrell’s K-CalMAX to aid in poor water quality treatment.

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Soil Test Interpretation Sheet

Test Interpretation Saturated Paste Extract Saturated Paste Extract (SPE) was developed to determine the electrical conductivity (EC w ) and sodium hazard of soil. Compared to exchangeable nutrient tests such as Mehlich III, Olsen, and Bray P-1, a SPE test is not a good indicator of soil nutrient reserves. Estimated Nitrogen Mineralization – Estimated amount of organic nitrogen that will mineralize to an inorganic form, becoming plant available, through the next 12 months. Electrical Conductivity ( EC w ) – measurement of soluble salts in soil solution. Measured by saturated paste extract test. Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) – Measure of the ratio of sodium to calcium and magnesium in soil solution. Measured by a saturated paste extract test. Higher values indicate greater sodium relative to calcium and magnesium. Soils with high SAR values may experience sodium toxicity, poor water infiltration, and soil deflocculation. Effects are generally most detrimental in soils with high EC w (McCarty, 2005).

Soil Test Types and Applications Saturated Paste Extract (SPE) – Standard procedure for measuring soil electrical conductivity (EC w ), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of soil, and boron concentration. Do not used SPE results to assess soil fertility beyond soil boron (Carrow et al. 2004). Bray-P1 – Full name: Bray-Kurtz P1 Test, recommended as a test for plant-available soil phosphorus in neutral and acid soils (pH ≤ 7), not for alkaline soils (pH > 7) (Bray and Kurtz, 1945). Olsen – Recommended as a test for plant-available soil phosphorus test in alkaline soils (pH >7) (Olsen et al. 1954). Mehlich III – Recommended for evaluation of soil phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, manganese, and zinc. Mehlich III extracted soil P may differ from Bray-P1 and Olsen extracted soil P under some conditions. Common Terms and Abbreviations pH - Indication of soil alkalinity or acidity. Scale of 1-14; 1 being most acidic and 14 being most alkaline. Ideal soil pH for turfgrass growth is between 5.5 and 6.5. Above or below this range, nutrient availability may become limited. Figure 1 illustrates the effect of nutrient availability on soil pH.

Table 1. Saturated paste extract test interpretation

Measurement

Minor Problems Increasing Problems

Severe Problems

Electrical Conductivity (EC w ) 1 Boron (ppm) 2 Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) 2 1 McCarty 2005 2 Carrow et al. 2003a

4 to 12

>12

<2 <3

2-6

3 to 12

>12

The sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) describes the relative concentration of soil solution sodium to calcium and magnesium. Higher SAR values indicate an increased likelihood of soil deflocculation, and inhibition of water movement and air exchange. The SAR formula describes ion concentrations in meq/L and soil test values must be converted prior to utilizing the equation. To convert ppm (or mg/L) to milliequivalent per liter (meq/L) use the following formula:

Figure 1. Relative nutrient availability as influenced by soil pH.

(

) ℎ (

Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) – The sum total of exchangeable cations that a soil can adsorb. Expressed in milliequivalents per 100 grams of soil. Plant nutrient cations include: potassium (K + ), calcium (Ca 2+ ), magnesium (Mg 2+ ), iron (Fe 2+ ), zinc (Zn 2+ ), copper (Cu 2+ ), manganese (Mn 2+ ), ammonium (NH 4+ ), and sodium (Na + ). Higher values indicate a greater cation-nutrient holding capacity. Organic Matter Percent (OM%) – Percent organic matter by weight. Organic matter can influence nutrient holding capacity, soil structure, water infiltration and retention, and nitrogen mineralization.

)

Table 2. Milliequivalent weight of elements used to calculate sodium adsorption ratio.

Element Sodium Calcium

Milliequivalent Weight

23 20

Magnesium

12.2

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Soil Test Interpretation Sheet

To calculate Sodium Adsorption ratio use the following formula. All units in meq/L: ( ) = √ +2 +

Table 3. Minimum Levels for Sustainable Nutrition and Sufficiency Level of Available Nutrients macronutrient guidelines for soil test interpretation. Nutrient Extraction Solution SLAN (ppm) 1 MLSN (ppm) 2 Phosphorus Mehlich III 27 – 54 21 Bray P1 15 – 30 Olsen 12 – 28 Potassium Mehlich III 50 – 116 (sand) 37 (all) Mehlich III 75 – 176 (others) Calcium Mehlich III 500 – 750 331 Magnesium Mehlich III 60 – 120 (sand) 47 (all) Mehlich III 70 – 140 (others) Sulfur Mehlich III 15 – 40 7

( ) =

+2 +

√

Example: A saturated paste extract test result reports the following: Na + = 1,000 ppm Ca +2 = 200 ppm Mg +2 = 100 ppm 1. Convert ppm to meq/L.

Na + = 1,500 ppm /23 = 44 meq/L Na Ca +2 = 300 ppm/20 = 10 meq/L Ca Mg +2 = 150 ppm/12.2 = 8.2 meq/L

1 Carrow et al. 2003b 2 Woods et al. 2016

44 √10+8.2 2

2. Place values into SAR equation: 14.6 =

44 √10+8.2 2

Table 4. Micronutrient guidelines for soil test interpretation.

3. Reference Table 1 to determine potential sodium hazard.

Nutrient

Acceptable 1

Test

Mehlich III, Bray-P1, and Olsen Mehlich III, Bray-P1, and Olsen procedures describe the amount of plant-available nutrients on soil exchange sites. Compared to a SPE test, these procedures better describe total soil nutrient reserves. Two methods of interpretation are outlined below. Sufficiency Level of Available Nutrients (SLAN) – Use SLAN as a minimum threshold to determine if soil test nutrient values are adequate to support plant growth. Values were originally developed as a guideline for crop nutrition; however, have been successfully applied to guide turfgrass nutrition. A fertilizer application should be considered when soil test values fall below the ranges indicated below. See Table 3 for SLAN guidelines . Minimum Levels for Sustainable Nutrition (MLSN) – Use MLSN as a minimum threshold to determine if soil test nutrient values are adequate to sustain healthy turf growth. Developed in 2014 by Pace Turf and the Asian Turfgrass Center following analysis of >3,500 soil samples which supported healthy turf, had pH values between 5.5 – 8.5, and a total exchange capacity of <6 meq/100 g. See table 3 for MLSN guidelines.

Iron

50 - 100

Mehlich III Mehlich III

Manganese

4 to 6 (pH < 7) 8 to 12 (pH > 7)

Zinc

1 to 2

Mehlich III Mehlich III

Copper

0.3 to 2.5

Boron

1 to 1.5

Saturated Paste Extract

1 McCarty, 2005

References Bray, RH and LT Kurtz. 1945. Determination of total, organic and available forms of phosphorus in soils. Soil Sci., 59:39-45. Carrow, RN, L Stowell, W Gelernter, S Davis, RR Duncan, J Skorulski. 2003a. Clarifying soil testing: I. Saturate past and dilute extracts. Golf Course Management, September 2003. pp. 81-85. Carrow, RN, L Stowell, W Gelernter, S Davis, RR Duncan, J Skorulski. 2003b. Clarifying soil testing: III. SLAN sufficiency ranges and recommendations. Golf Course Management, January 2004. pp. 194-198.

McCarty, LB. 2005. Best Golf Course Management Practices. Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. Mehlich, A. 1953. Determination of P, K, Na, Ca, Mg, and NH4 soil test Div. Memo. NC Dept. Agric., Raleigh, NC 1953. Mehlich, A. 1978. New extractant for soil test evaluation of phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium, sodium, manganese, and zinc. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 9(6): 477-492. Mehlich, A. 1984. Mehlich 3 soil test extractant: A modification of Mehlich 2 extractant. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 15:1409-1416.

Olsen, SR, CV Cole, FS watanabe, and LA Dean. 1954. Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. USDA circular 939. U.S. Govt. Printing Office, Washington, DC. Woods MS, Stowell LJ, Gelernter WD. 2016. Minimum soil nutrient guidelines for turfgrass developed from Mehlich III soil test results https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.2144v1

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UNLOCK YOUR GREENS Harrell’s Sodium and Bicarbonate Flush Program

PRODUCT

RATE

OBJECTIVE

Fleet®

5 oz/M UniformWater Distribution

Soil Surge

64 oz/A

Reduce Carbonates/pH

Salt Rx

2 oz/M Sodium Removal

Fleet®

5 oz/M UniformWater Distribution

Soil Surge

64 oz/A

Reduce Carbonates/pH

Cal Plus

4 oz/M Reduce Carbonates/pH/Sodium

EarthMAX®

4 oz/M Increase Root Mass and Turf Health

Fleet®

5 oz/M UniformWater Distribution

Soil Surge

64 oz/A

Reduce Carbonates/pH

Cal Plus

6 oz/M Reduce Carbonates/pH/Sodium

EarthMAX®

4 oz/M Increase Root Mass and Turf Health

Soil Enhancer

3 oz/M Increase Biological Activity

Irrigation following application is recommended for maximum efficacy.

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| WWW.HARRELLS.COM

1. Foliar absorption in turfgrass is well-documented. It occurs through channels in the cuticle. a. Researchers have used isotopes to measure more accurately the rate of N absorption b. All nutrients are capable of being foliar absorbed c. Nitrogen is absorbed the most easily d. Some chelates are inappropriate for foliar absorption; however, organic chelates (citrate, glucoheptanate) enhance foliar absorption of micronutrients 2. Urea is the most suitable source of N for foliar absorption, due to its neutral charge, its low salt index, and its high solubility; however, there is potential for volatilization. Ammonium sulfate is also absorbed well, but it has the potential for phytotoxicity. Potassium nitrate is not a good source for foliar absorption. 3. Studies report a range of 30-60% for foliar absorption of urea N; most peg it around 50-55% for both bentgrass and bermudagrass a. 50% absorption occurs within the first hour b. Absorption is enhanced in higher humidity c. Absorption is enhanced by the use of a surfactant to help coat the leaf tissue d. Absorption occurs best at temperatures ranging from 65-85 degrees e. Absorption occurs best in the early morning or at night f. Absorption of N continues up to 24 hours after application g. Absorption of N declines a little in the summer for cool season turf 4. Water volume does affect foliar absorption. However, increasing the dilution rate from 20 gals/A to 80 gals/A results in only slightly less foliar absorption. 5. Liquid N that is not foliar-absorbed is still readily available to the plant through other entry points The Science Behind FOLIAR ABSORPTION

Therefore, Harrell’s MAX products are ideal for foliar and liquid feeding. 1. All of the N products (except 6-0-0) are urea based 2. All of the urea N products have half of the N stabilized with UMAXX to prevent volatilization and to provide a more consistent feed over the application interval 3. All of the micronutrients are chelated with organic chelates

To get the most out of your foliar program: 1. Use stabilized urea sources 2. Use products with organic chelates 3. Use an adjuvant like Harrell’s Fungicide Activator 4. Use flat fan nozzles to increase leaf surface coverage 5. Since foliar absorption doesn’t decline that much with higher volumes of water, go ahead and use up to 2 gals/1,000 sf dilution to facilitate time-saving tank-mixes References: • Branham, USGA Turfgrass Environmental Research Online , Vol. 9, #19, Oct 1, 2010 • Richardson et al., University of AR, Dept of Horticulture, Research Series 568, 2008

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USE A BALANCED APPROACH Harrell’s Florida Foliar, Soil, and Granular Fertilization Program

GRANULAR APPLICATION

ADDITIONAL APPLICATIONS

FOLIAR APPLICATION

18-3-6 – 3 oz./1000 sq. ft. 12-0-0 – 3 oz./1000 sq. ft.

10-2-20 GG 110 lb./acre ¼ lb. N, ½ lb. K

WEEK ONE

Title Phyte® 0-0-30 – 3 oz./1000 sq. ft. Bio-MAX® 4-0-0 – 3 oz./1000 sq. ft. Primo® MAXX – 2-4 oz./acre

PAR® SG 12-16 oz./acre Monthly or as needed to achieve desired color

18-3-6 – 3 oz./1000 sq. ft. 12-0-0 – 3 oz./1000 sq. ft.

0-0-22 SPM 200 lb./acre 1 lb. K, ½ lb. Mg

WEEK TWO

Title Phyte® 0-0-30 – 3 oz./1000 sq. ft. Bio-MAX® 4-0-0 – 3 oz./1000 sq. ft. Primo® MAXX – 2-4 oz./acre

Foliar Flush once / Month: Fleet® – 5 oz./1000 sq. ft. Salt Rx – 2 oz./1000 sq. ft.

18-3-6 – 3 oz./1000 sq. ft. 12-0-0 – 3 oz./1000 sq. ft.

OR Cal Plus – 3-6 oz./1000 sq. ft. EarthMAX® – 3 oz./1000 sq. ft. Irrigate at least 30 minutes per head to adequately flush root-zone.

Cal Max G Micro 220 lb./acre

WEEK THREE

Title Phyte® 0-0-30 – 3 oz./1000 sq. ft. Bio-MAX® 4-0-0 – 3 oz./1000 sq. ft. Primo® MAXX – 2-4 oz./acre

18-3-6 – 3 oz./1000 sq. ft. 12-0-0 – 3 oz./1000 sq. ft.

WEEK FOUR

0-0-30 GG 150 lb./acre 1 lb. K

Title Phyte® 0-0-30 – 3 oz./1000 sq. ft. Bio-MAX® 4-0-0 – 3 oz./1000 sq. ft. Primo® MAXX – 2-4 oz./acre

WETTING AGENTS

GRANULAR FERTILIZER

Harrell’s Balanced Approach Annual Programs are your prescription for year-long nutrition. Using your soil, tissue and water samples, we dial in your specific needs for a turf health program with a combination of granular fertilizer, wetting agents, foliar nutritionals & soil amendments, adjuvants & colorants, and plant protectants.

BALANCED APPROACH Annual Program

LIQUID FOLIAR NUTRITIONALS & SOIL AMENDMENTS

HARRELL’S PLANT PROTECTANT PROGRAM

ADJUVANTS & COLORANTS

800.282.8007 ∙ www.harrells.com

11/17

Bermudagrass Fairway Foliar Color Program

lbs./1,000 N – 0.16 Fe – 0.04 Mn – 0.007 N – 0.18 Fe – 0.065 Mn – 0.025 Mg – 0.003

For added color use PAR® SG @ 8-16 oz/ac

Tall Turf 30-0-0 2 gal/ac Iron Plus 10 lb/ac

Good

Tall Turf 30-0-0 2 gal/ac 12-0-0 1 gal/ac IronMn Mg 1 gal/ac Iron Plus 10 lb/ac

Better

N – 0.24 Fe – 0.02 Mn – 0.03 Mg – 0.01

N30 Plus 30-0-0 3 gal/ac N itrate Plus 1 gal/ac IronMn Mg 2 gal/ac

Title Phyte 0-0-30

Best For instant color

GUARANTEED ANALYSIS Soluble Potash(K 2 O) .............................................30.00%

KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN

CAUTION

Derived from: potassiumphosphite.

Read entire label for additional precautionary statements and use directions. FOR PROFESSIONAL USE ONLY

F352

PRECAUTIONS •

•

IN CASE OF SPILL OR MEDICAL EMERGENCY, CONTACT CHEMTREC 1-800-424-9300.

NET CONTENTS:

250 gallons (946 liters)

30 gallons (113.52 liters)

2.5 gallons (9.46 liters) Weight per gallon: 13.34 lbs. @ 68°F

Harrell’s, LLC Post Office Box 807 | Lakeland, FL 33802 | (800) 282-8007 | Harrells.com

N-0.24 K- 0.09

Best+ For great color, improved vigor, and stress tolerance

N30 Plus 30-0-0 3 gal/ac Nitrate Plus 1 gal/ac IronMn Mg 2 gal/ac Title Phyte® 1 gal/ac

Iron Plus

GUARANTEED ANALYSIS

Product Purpose

Nitrate Plus 6-0-0®

Harrell's Iron Plus is a soluble source of Iron (Fe) and Manganese (Mn) for use on turf.

Iron (Fe) ……………………………………………………………….……………………..

18.00%

18.00% Water Soluble Iron (Fe)

Manganese (Mn) ………………………………………………….……………………

3.00%

Fe – 0.02 Mn - 0.03 Mg – 0.01

Directions for Use

3.00% Water Soluble Manganese (Mn)

Spray solution within 4 hours of mixing or re-agitate prior to application.

Derived From: Ferrous Sulfate, Manganese Sulfate.

IronMnMg 3%Fe, 4%Mn, and 1%Mg

Recommended Rates

F352

KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN

GUARANTEED ANALYSIS Nitrogen (N)...................................................................6.00% 6.00% Nitrate Nitrogen Magnesium (Mg) .........................................................2.00% 2.00%Water Soluble Magnesium (Mg) Iron (Fe) ...........................................................................2.00% 2.00%Water Soluble Iron (Fe) Manganese (Mn)..........................................................5.00% 5.00%Water Soluble Manganese (Mn) Zinc (Zn)..........................................................................0.50% 0.50%Water Soluble Zinc (Zn) Derived from: Magnesiumnitrate, Manganese nitrate, Iron nitrate, and Zinc nitrate

Turf

Apply at a rate of 5 - 25 pounds of product per acre. Dilute in enough water to complete dissolve product and allow for thorough coverage. Repeat application every 1 - 8 weeks based on desired color response.

DANGER

Read entire label for additional precautionary statements and use directions. FOR PROFESSIONAL USE ONLY

WARNING Harmful if swallowed Causes skin irritation

KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN

GUARANTEED ANALYSIS Magnesium (Mg) .........................................................1.00% 1.0% Chelated Magnesium (Mg) Sulfur (S)..........................................................................5.75% 5.75% Combined Sulfur (S) Iron (Fe) ...........................................................................3.00% 3.00% Chelated Iron (Fe) Manganese (Mn)..........................................................4.00% 4.0% Chelated Manganese (Mn)

12-0-0 6%Fe & 3%Mn with UMAXX®

First Aid If in Eyes: Flush with water for 15 minutes. Call a doctor for treatment advice if irritation persists. If on Skin: Wash thoroughly with soap and water. Launder clothing before reuse. If Inhaled: Remove affected person from source of exposure. Call 911 if breathing is difficult. If Ingested: Do not induce vomiting. Get medical attention. Precautions: Obtain special instructions before use. Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood. Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. Wash thoroughly after handling. Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. Avoid release to the environment.

CAUTION

Conditions of Sale

Seller warrants that products will be labeled as required under state and federal laws and that they conform to the label description. Any nonconformance must be reported in writing to Seller within thirty (30) days after purchase as a prerequisite to maintaining any claim against Seller. Buyer agrees to inspect all products purchased immediately upon delivery. The seller’s liability under this warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, expressed or implied, including warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. There are no warranties which extend beyond this statement.

Read entire label for additional precautionary statements and use directions. FOR PROFESSIONAL USE ONLY

F352

PRECAUTIONS •

FIRST AID If on Skin: Wash immediately with soap and water. Consult a physician if any irritation persists If in Eyes: Rinse with clean water for 15 minutes. Remove contact lenses after the first 5 minutes and continue to rinse. Seek medical attention if irritation persists. If Ingested: Rinse mouth. Do not induce vomiting. Call 911 or a physician for treatment advice. If inhaled: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a comfortable position. Call 911 or a physician for treatment advice. Have the product label with you when calling a doctor or going for treatment.

Causes severe skin burns and eye damage. Do not breathe spray/mist. • Avoid getting in eyes or on skin. The use of safety glasses with side shields (goggles/face shield) and water repellent, chemical resistant gloves when handling this product is recommended. • Do not contaminate water during application or when cleaning equipment. IN CASE OF SPILL OR MEDICAL EMERGENCY, CONTACT CHEMTREC 1-800-424-9300.

KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN

GUARANTEED ANALYSIS Total Nitrogen (N)*................................................... 12.00% 12.0% Urea Nitrogen Iron (Fe) ...........................................................................6.00% 6.0% Chelated Iron (Fe) Manganese (Mn)..........................................................3.00% 3.0% Chelated Manganese (Mn)

Derived from: MagnesiumSulfate*, Ferrous Sulfate*, and Manganese Sulfate*.

F352

CAUTION

*Chelatedwith Citric Acid

Have the product label with you when calling a doctor or going for treatment.

Read entire label for additional precautionary statements and use directions. FOR PROFESSIONAL USE ONLY

PRECAUTIONS •

Derived from: Urea, Manganese Citrate, and Iron Citrate.

NET CONTENTS

Storage and Disposal

*All nitrogen in this product stabilizedwith dicyanodiamide andN-(n-butyl)-thiophosphoric triamide.

•

Information on the components of this plant nutrient may be obtained by writing Harrell's, LLC at the address below. Information regarding the contents and levels of metals in this product is available on the Internet at http://www.aapfco.org/metals.html

250 gallons (946 liters)

30 gallons (113.52 liters)

2.5 gallons (9.46 liters) Weight per gallon:11.51 lbs. @ 68°F

IN CASE OF SPILL OR MEDICAL EMERGENCY, CONTACT CHEMTREC 1-800-424-9300.

F352

Store this product in original container in a dry area inaccessible to children and animals. Dispose of empty container in accordance with federal, state and local authorities.

Harrell’s, LLC Post Office Box 807 | Lakeland, FL 33802 | (800) 282-8007 | Harrells.com #200295 10/16

PRECAUTIONS •

NET CONTENTS:

250 gallons (946 liters)

30 gallons (113.52 liters)

2.5 gallons (9.46 liters) Weight per gallon: 10.60 lbs. @ 68°F

•

MANUFACTURED FOR AND GUARANTEED BY HARRELL’S, LLC PO BOX 807 LAKELAND, FL 33802 (863) 687-2774 (800) 282-8007

Harrell’s, LLC Post Office Box 807 | Lakeland, FL 33802 | (800) 282-8007 | Harrells.com

IN CASE OF SPILL OR MEDICAL EMERGENCY, CONTACT CHEMTREC 1-800-424-9300.

NET WT 50 LBS (22.7 KG)

NET CONTENTS

250 gallons (946 liters)

30 gallons (113.52 liters)

2.5 gallons (9.46 liters) Weight per gallon: 11.76 lbs. @ 68° F

Harrell’s, LLC Post Office Box 807 | Lakeland, FL 33802 | (800) 282-8007 | Harrells.com

7/11/2017 200258

11/18

5105 NEW TAMPA HIGHWAY, LAKELAND, FL 33815 |

800.282.8007

| WWW.HARRELLS.COM

OFTEN IMITATED

NEVER DUPLICATED

POLYON® Controlled-Release Fertilizer. Feeding YOUR Success. POLYON® is a radically

Every order of POLYON® fertilizer is subjected to a series of meticulous inspections, ensuring that coating evenness, thickness and proper nutrient release have been achieved.

different fertilizer concept - one that

It’s a three-step process we call HTR: Hold>Test>Release .

can deliver drastically better growing results for you. The key to the consistent, predictable release of POLYON® fertilizer is all in the exclusive, durable polymer membrane

All finished products are held before shipment to allow time for thorough testing. Each batch is tested for seven days at realistically hot climate conditions (86° F or 30° C) until top-quality results are achieved. After the products pass these tests - and only then - are they released for shipment.

HOLD

TEST

that coats each granule (our proprietary reactive-layer coating, or RLC) ensuring consistency and durability in every particle. Choose POLYON® and you will get guaranteed results backed by our POLYGRAPH® Guarantee.

RELEASE

These exacting steps ensure that every POLYON® fertilizer bag leaves our facilities with the Harrell’s stamp of approval, and that you receive high-quality products with unprecedented performance.

For more information, visit www.harrells.com/polyon .

www.harrells.com • 800.282.8007

The key to POLYON® fertilizer is its patented reactive layer coating (RLC) technology. Unlike other coated products, POLYON® fertilizer forms a bond with the urea substrate during the coating process that ensures consistency and durability in every particle. POLYON® fertilizer will not crack or lead to premature release of nutrients into the environment. STEP 1: Fertilizer substrates (granules) are STEP 3: Thorough inspection of each substrate HOW POLYON ® FERTILIZER IS MADE (to be better).

POLYON ® BENEFITS AT A GLANCE:

STEP 2: Only round, smooth, hard, uniformly sized and dust-free granules are selected for optimum coatability.

STEP 4: Heated fertilizer then enters the coating chamber, where monomer coatings and POLYON® green pigment are applied. The number of layers are based on final desired coating thickness.

• Reduced environmental impact – an environmentally friendly source of nutrients. • Efficient – consistent, predictable, dependable feeding. • Reduced labor – fewer applications minimize labor input. • Increased yield and quality – for enhanced marketability.

carefully selected. These make up the package of nutrients that will be fed over time to your crops.

batch. Granules then pass through a fluid bed heater and are heated to 175º Fahrenheit before coating.

175° F

Nutrients

• Reduced disease

SUBSTRATE

COATING CHAMBER

potential – due to a more uniform and consistent plant nutrition delivery process. • Not affected by moisture – patented reactive layer coating (RLC) meters out nutrients via temperature- activated diffusion.

Durable, uniform polyurethane membrane

Custom-blends available. Because off the shelf is never on the mark.

Harrell’s offers custom-blended fertility solutions that deliver the ideal release rates and nutrients to address your unique needs. We’re able to do this because we maintain the

largest inventory of homogenous substrates and professional blending components in the industry. Using our proprietary software programs, your Harrell’s sales representative can help you dial in just the right prescription for your need – one that’s 100% guaranteed or your money back. POLYON ® fertilizer. Feeding Your Success. Industry-proven, grower trusted. Supported by relationship-driven sales and technology professionals 100% committed to helping you achieve the best possible results.

Contact your Harrell’s sales representative today.

5105 New Tampa Highway, Lakeland, FL • 800.282.8007 www.harrells.com

If You Like Ammonium Sulfate, You’re Going to Love GreenTRX ™ The combination of POLYON® controlled-release fertilizer and GreenTRX™ provides improved visual turf quality longer . GreenTRX™ results in an improved front-end response over POLYON® or AMS alone - and with the longevity you’ve come to count on from POLYON® . POLYON® Controlled-Release Fertilizer Enhanced efficiency, controlled-release custom-blended fertilizer provides plant nutrition consistently and dependably, longer. GreenTRX™ Enhanced efficiency, bio-based homogenous plant nutrition product delivering the nutrients that turf needs for a quicker visual turf response than AMS.

Visual Color in Bermudagrass

Source: Wayne Mixson 2019

9.0

• Improved early response from“POLYON®: TRX 85:15” • Improved response longevity from“POLYON®: TRX 85:15” vs “POLYON: AMS 85:15” • O verall improvement in response when substituting GreenTRX at 15% vs Ammonium Sulfate at 15% • M ost days at or above turf quality 8.0 “POLYON®: TRX 85:15”

8.5

8.0

7.5

7.0

6.5

6.0

5.5

5.0

4.5

• Greatest longevity Polyon 100%

4.0

Day 3

Day 7

Day 14

Day 21

Day 28

Day 35

Day 42

Day 49

Day 56

POLYON®: AMS 85:15

POLYON®: TRX 85:15

POLYON® 100%

Ask your Sales Representative to add GreenTRX™ to your next custom-blended POLYON® order.

www.harrells.com | 800.282.8007 Employee -Owned

Start your preseason training using weather and trends at your geographic location to predict your consistent dependable fertilizer release, using PolyGraph®. Once you’re fertilizer has passed the PolyGraph® test, we guarantee your season-long results. PREDICTABLE RESULTS SEASON-LONG NUTRITION PREEMERGENTWEED AND INSECT CONTROL 1

2 3

Tee off your season with one application of season-long nutrition provided by POLYON® controlled-release fertilizer. Your custom-blended profertilizer is tailor made for your climate ensuring nutrients release when the turf needs them. Better for the environment and one application means time savings for you. What will you do with all your free time?

Power-up your POLYON® application by adding your pre-emergent. That’s right. One application of fertilizer AND weed control AND insect control. What could be better than that? With our CustoMix® technology, each powerful POLYON® prill is coated with the preemergent of your choice. We have all the best control solutions in the market including top-selling Ronstar, Acelepryn, Dimension and Barricade. You pick the AI percentage and we’ll dial up your Powered Up POLYON® custom blend.

Give me a call today to book your Powered-up POLYON® order!

www.harrells.com | 800.282.8007

Fungicide pH Guidelines

Half-Life at Various pH Levels

Optimum pH

Needs Buffer

Pesticide Brand Name

Generic Product Name

Alkaline

Neutral

Acidic

9.0

8.0

7.0

6.0

5.0

26/36 Fungicide BANNER MAXX®

No NO NO NO YES NO NO NO YES NO YES NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO

Stable over wide pH range for 12 hours

PROPICONAZOLE PROPAMOCARB

Stable pH 5.0 - 9.0

BANOL®

Stable over wide pH range Stable over wide pH range

BAYLETON®

TRIADIMEFON

7 5

BENLATE CAPTAN

BENOMYL

1 hr

7 hr

80 hr

CAPTAN

5.0 - 7.0

CHIPCO GT®

IPRODIONE FOSETYL-AL

7 6

Rapid hydrolysis at pH above 8.0

CHIPCO® SIGNATURE™

Stable at pH 4.0 to 8.0

CLEARY 3336™ COMPASS™ CuPro 5000 Curalan EG DACONIL® DITHANE WF EAGLE WSP EMERALD® ENDORSE™

THIOPHANATE-METHYL TRIFLOXYSTROBIN COPPER HYDROXIDE

6.0–7.0

Buffer to a pH of 6.0 to 7.0 prior to addition of 3336

Stable over wide pH range

> 6.5

Spray solution having pH of less than 6.5 may result in phyto

VINCLOZOLIN

CHLOROTHALONIL

7 7

Stable over wide pH range Optimum pH range 5.5 - 6.0 Stable over wide pH range Stable over wide pH range Stable over wide pH range Optimum pH range 5.5 - 6.0 Stable for up to 18 hours Stable over wide pH range

MANCOZEB

MYCLOBUTANIL

BOSCALID

POLYOXIN D & MANCOZEB

FORE SC RAINSHIELD

MANCOZEB

HEADWAY HERITAGE®

AZOXYSTROBIN/PROPICONAZOLE

AZOXYSTROBIN

HONOR

PYRACLOSTROBIN/BOSCALID

INSIGNIA® INSTRATA INTERFACE

PYRACLOSTROBIN

Stable over wide pH range

CHLOROTHALONIL/PROPICONAZOLE

IPRODIONE/TRIFLOXYSTROBIN

720 Kraft Road • Lakeland, FL 33815 • 800.282.8007 • www.harrells.com

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