Interfacial enhanced ultra-robust gel hybrids for epidermal bio-monitoring Zibi Wang 2 , Ding Wang 1 , Dong Liu 2 , Xiang Han 2 , Xiaoxu Liu 2 , Hamdi Torun 1 ,
Zhanhu Guo 1 , Xuehua Zhang 3* , Ben Bin Xu 1* , Fei Chen 2* 1 University of Northumbria, UK, 2 Xi’an Jiaotong University, China, 3 University of Alberta, Canada
Gel based sensor for personal health monitoring and human–machine interaction has attracted enormous interests [1-5]. A seamless and tough interface to integrate incompatible/immiscible soft layers is highly desired for flexible/wearable electronics [6-8]. Here, we introduce a surfactant mediated interfacial chemistry (SMIC) to achieve seamless and tough interfaces in soft multi-layer structures, with an ultra-high interfacial toughness up to ~1300 J/m2 for the architectural gel hybrid (AGH). The reversible interfacial noncovalent interactions effectively dissipate the energy on interface to sustain an excellent durability with ~2% reduction in interfacial toughness after 1000 tensile cycles. This strategy can be universally applied to the hybrid systems with varied interfaces between interior hydrogel (PAA, PVA, PAAm, gelatin) and exterior hydrophobic soft matter (ionogel, lipogel and elastomer). The AGH based mechano-sensor presents remarkable robustness and stability in a wide range of conditions, i.e. open air, underwater, various solvents and temperatures. Epidermal bio-monitoring, tactile trajectory and facial expression recognition are demonstrated using the AGH sensor in various environments. A rich set of electrophysiological signals are acquired with robust and excellent quality. References 1. L. Pan, G. Yu, D. Zhai, H.R. Lee, W. Zhao, N. Liu, H. Wang, B.C. Tee, Y. Shi, Y. Cui, Z. Bao, Hierarchical nanostructured conducting polymer hydrogel with high electrochemical activity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 109 (2012), p.9287-92. 2. H. Wei, Z.Wang, H.Zhang, Y.Huang, Z.Wang, Y.Zhou, B.B.Xu, S.Halila, J.Chen, Ultrastretchable, Highly Transparent, Self- Adhesive, and 3D-Printable Ionic Hydrogels for Multimode Tactical Sensing. Chem. Mater. 33 (2021), p.6731-6742. 3. Y. Liu, A. Sun, S. Sridhar, Z. Li, Z. Qin, J. Liu, S. Chen, H. Lu, B.Z. Tang, B.B. Xu, Spatially and Reversibly Actuating Soft Gel Structure by Harnessing Multimode Elastic Instabilities. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 13 (2021), p.36361-9. 4. Z. Li, Y. Liu, M. Lei, A. Sun, S. Sridhar, Y. Li, X. Liu, H. Lu, Y.Q. Fu, B.B. Xu, Stimuli-responsive gel impregnated surface with switchable lipophilic/oleophobic properties. Soft Mater. 16 (2020), p.1636-41. 5. Z. Deng, T. Hu, Q. Lei, J. He, P.X. Ma, B. Guo, Stimuli-Responsive Conductive Nanocomposite Hydrogels with High Stretchability, Self-Healing, Adhesiveness, and 3D Printability for Human Motion Sensing. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 11 (2019), p.6796-6808. 6. Z. Wu, X. Yang, J. Wu, Conductive Hydrogel- and Organohydrogel-Based Stretchable Sensors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 13 (2021), 2128-2144. 7. Y. Gao, S. Gu, F. Jia, G. Gao, A skin-matchable, recyclable and biofriendly strain sensor based on a hydrolyzed keratin- containing hydrogel. J. Mater. Chem. A 8 (2020), p.24175-24183. 8. X. Li, L. He, Y. Li, M. Chao, M. Li, P. Wan, L. Zhang, Healable, Degradable, and Conductive MXene Nanocomposite Hydrogel for Multifunctional Epidermal Sensors. ACS Nano 15 (2021), p.7765-7773.
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