Technical training
Solar Technical Training (S-TT)
V1
Publication date: 02 July 2025
Technical training
Solar Technical Training Standard / V1 02072025
CONTENTS
1. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................................................4
2. TERMS AND DEFINITIONS...............................................................................................................................5
3. CHANGE LOG ................................................................................................................................................... 6
4. SCOPE ...............................................................................................................................................................6
5. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR THE SOLAR TECHNICAL TRAINING..........................................................6
5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8
Overview
6 7 7 7 8 8 8 8
Target Group
Aims and Objectives
Duration of the Solar Technical Training Standard Modules
Validity Period Course Codes
Participant Prerequisites
Instructor Qualification Prerequisites
6. GENERAL RESOURCES REQUIRED TO DELIVER THE SOLAR TECHNICAL TRAINING MODULES..............8
6.1 6.2
Practical Training Facilities
9 9
Handouts
7. USING THIS STANDARD TO DEVELOP TRAINING .........................................................................................9
7.1 7.2 7.3
Equipment Lesson plans
9 9
Participant Performance Assessment
10
8. SOLAR TECHNICAL TRAINING - INSTALLATION MODULE.........................................................................13
8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6
Aims and Objectives of the S-TT Installation Module
13 13 14 14 14 16
Duration of the S-TT Installation Module Participant Ratio of the S-TT Installation Equipment for the S-TT Installation Module Timetable of the S-TT Installation Module
Detailed Description of the S-TT Installation Module
Lesson 1 - Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 16 Lesson 2 - Introduction to Solar systems and mechanical components.............................................................21 Lesson 3 - Mechanical safety ............................................................................................................................. 24 Lesson 4 - The principles of bolted and welded connections ........................................................................... 28 Lesson 5 - Use of manual tightning and measuring tools .................................................................................. 32 Lesson 6 - Introduction to installation................................................................................................................ 34
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Lesson 7 - Component Assembly ...................................................................................................................... 37 Lesson 8 - General procedures for working onsite with installation .................................................................. 39 Lesson 9 - Installation environments.................................................................................................................. 41 Lesson 10 - Handling and storing ...................................................................................................................... 42 Lesson 11 - Introduction to electrical assembly................................................................................................. 46 Lesson 12 - Summary and theoretical test......................................................................................................... 55 Lesson 13 - Training Review .............................................................................................................................. 56
9. SOLAR TECHNICAL TRAINING - ELECTRICAL MODULE .............................................................................59
9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6
Aims and objectives of the S-TT Electrical Module
59 59 60 60 60 62
Duration of the S-TT Electrical Module
Participant Ratio of the S-TT Electrical Module Equipment for the S-TT Electrical Module
Timetable of S-TT Electrical Module
Detailed Description of the S-TT Electrical Module
Lesson 1 - Introduction to the training .............................................................................................................. 62 Lesson 2 - Introduction to Electricity ................................................................................................................. 66 Lesson 3 - Electrical Safety ................................................................................................................................ 69 Lesson 4 - Electrical components and sensors .................................................................................................. 76 Lesson 5 - Electrical measuring instruments ...................................................................................................... 85 Lesson 6 - Electrical Circuits .............................................................................................................................. 87 Lesson 7 - Cooling System ................................................................................................................................ 88 Lesson 8 - Summary and Theoretical Test ......................................................................................................... 89 Lesson 9 - Training Review ................................................................................................................................ 90
ANNEX 1 - EQUIPMENT LIST ......................................................................................................................................93
ANNEX 2 - VERSION HISTORY ....................................................................................................................................97
ANNEX 3 - GUIDANCE ON THE SOLAR PV WORK ENVIRONMENT ........................................................................98
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1. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
A
Amp
AC
Alternating Current
DC
Direct Current
GFCI
Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter
GSC
Global Solar Council
GWO
Global Wind Organisation
HAVS
Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome
HV
High Voltage
LEV
Local Exhaust Ventilation
LV
Low Voltage
mA
Milliamp
PCS
Power Control System
PE
Protective Earth
PPE
Personal Protective Equipment
PT100
Platinum100 (temperature sensor)
PV
Photovoltaics
PVC
Polyvinyl Chloride
RCD
Residual Current Device
S-TT
Solar Technical Training
TRA
Task Risk Assessment
V
Volts
VAC
Volts Alternating Current
VDC
Volts Direct Current
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2. TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
The purpose of this section is to avoid different interpretations of these terms depending on whoever is reading the standard.
Term
Definition
Feedback
Instructor’s feedback should focus on what the participant must adjust to perform correctly. Feedback may involve dialogue, where the participant reflects on their understanding or performance.
Function
The purpose or activity something performs; what it is used for
Group discussion
Learning activity involving all participants. Group discussions may be conducted in smaller groups. The instructor should step back and only interfere to facilitate the experience exchange between participants. Optimal group size is 4 participants.
A hazard is any source of potential damage, harm or adverse health effect on something or someone.
Hazard
Installation
Preparation, assembly and completion of components
For clarity where the word ‘must’ is used in this standard it shall have the same meaning as ‘shall’.
Must
How does it work?
Operation
Practice
The participants apply what they are learning.
A risk is the chance or probability that a person will be harmed or experience an adverse health effect if exposed to a hazard.
Risk
Refers to a training method that uses fictive simulations to align learning performance with real world job performance.
Scenario
Verbal form used to indicate requirements strictly to be followed in order to conform to this training standard and from which no deviation is permitted.
Shall
Verbal form used to indicate that among several possibilities one is recommended as particularly suitable, without mentioning or excluding others, or that a certain course of action is preferred but not necessarily required.
Should
Use
How to operate it? How to make it work?
Utility Scale Solar PV Refer to detailed description in Annex 3
Solar work environment
Refer to detailed description in Annex 3
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Toolbox talk
A pre-task safety briefing that takes place at the work site, covering the risks, hazards, control and methods of the task being performed
3. CHANGE LOG
Amendment date
Version
Approved by & date
Description of changes
O2072025
1
GWO - 18062025
First release
4. SCOPE Global Wind Organisation is a member-led non-profit body. Our members strive for an injury free work environment in the wind turbine industry and Solar PV industry, setting common international standards for safety training and emergency procedures. The Global Solar Council is a non-profit trade body uniting the voice of the solar industry, representing every part of the solar PV value chain across the world. GSC work directly with industry associations, private sector, governments, international institutions and NGOs to advocate, educate, and strengthen the solar industry.
This standard describes the requirements for Solar Technical Training Modules that are recommended and endorsed by GSC and the members of GWO.
This standard has been developed in response to the demand for recognisable technical training in the industry and has been prepared in co-operation between the members of GWO and GSC based on risk assessments and factual incident statistics.
5. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR THE SOLAR TECHNICAL TRAINING
Upon completion of the GWO Solar Technical Training, participants will possess an awareness of the hazards encountered when working on mechanical, electrical, and installation systems, and how to control and mitigate these hazards, preparing candidates for working in a Utility Scale Solar PV work environment.
5.1 Overview
The Solar Technical Training Standard is divided into 2 modules:
Module 1: Installation Module 2: Electrical
Each module may be delivered independently as stand-alone training or can be delivered consecutively in adherence to the required module durations.
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Installation Module The Installation Module provides participants with important knowledge, skills, and abilities for installing solar arrays. The training covers key aspects of mechanical prerequisites for installation, assembly of components and electrical assembly. Electrical Module The Electrical Module provides participants with important knowledge, skills, and abilities required to connect and commission solar panel system electrical components, and service and maintain during operations. The training covers topics such as electrical safety, electrical components, measuring instruments and circuits. 5.2 Target Group The Solar Technical Training modules are targeted at candidates who have no previous experience with installation or electrical work in the solar PV sector. It may also be used to upskill candidates who have relevant technical knowledge and skills, but not of its application in the context of a Utility Scale Solar PV site. 5.3 Aims and Objectives The Solar Technical Training Standard prepares participants for further company specific training by providing them with the necessary training to perform basic installation and electrical tasks.
This course will not make the participant a trained person who is allowed to perform installation or electrical work in a solar work environment without supervision.
5.4 Duration of the Solar Technical Training Standard Modules The total contact time for completing the Solar Technical Training Standard is 20 hours and 15 minutes. Module durations are summarised below. The training provider must not exceed the time per day given below.
Modules
Duration
S-TT Installation
12 hours 15 minutes
S-TT Electrical
8 hours
TOTAL 20 hours 15 minutes
Table 5.4.1 - Duration of the S-TT modules
Maximum Duration Per Day
Contact time
8 hours
Total training day
10 hours
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Table 5.4.2 - Maximum duration for training days
Contact time includes delivery of course lesson content, practical exercises and activities directly related to these.
Note
The total training day includes contact time, meals and breaks and travel between training sites (where applicable).
5.5 Validity Period
The Solar Technical Training is an enduring qualification, so a validity period does not apply to this training.
This is based on the expectation that the participant is actively working in a Utility Scale Solar PV site work environment. If there is an extended period of absence from applying the skills, retraining and recertification may be required according to national legislation and company policy.
A maximum interval between successful completion of the S-TT Installation and Electrical Modules does not apply.
5.6 Course Codes
Module
Course Code
Electrical
S-TTE
Installation
S-TTI
Table 5.6.1 – Course codes for S-TT Modules
5.7 Participant Prerequisites
All personnel participating must meet the participant prerequisites described in the GWO Requirements for Training.
5.8 Instructor Qualification Prerequisites
A competent GWO Solar Technical Training instructor must be trained and qualified to adhere with GWO Requirements for Training.
6. GENERAL RESOURCES REQUIRED TO DELIVER THE SOLAR TECHNICAL TRAINING MODULES
The training provider shall ensure that staff, facilities, and equipment are in place to support the training of participants.
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6.1 Practical Training Facilities
A practical workshop is required that has enough space to accommodate 8 participants, with a respective work area each of approximately 3 square metres.
6.2 Handouts
Handouts must be given to the participants containing, as a minimum:
a. electrical symbols mentioned in the Solar Technical Training Standard
This handout could be used as reference for the participants during the entire course and also during the test at the end.
7. USING THIS STANDARD TO DEVELOP TRAINING The training in this standard is designed around the GWO taxonomy described in the GWO Requirements for Training. Theoretical and practical activities must be delivered according to the defined taxonomic level in order to reach the described learning objectives. Applying skills learned during training to the workplace requires a realistic training environment. Training providers must ensure their facilities closely replicate the actual solar utility-scale work environment, incorporating as many authentic elements as possible. The closer the alignment between the training setting and real working conditions, the more effectively participants can transfer their learning to the workplace.
See Annex 3 – Guidance On The Solar PV Work Environment for elaborate information.
Note
7.1 Equipment When teaching about equipment, a generic approach shall be applied to avoid the need for additional product specific training in the workplace where possible. However, national or regional legislation, company gap analysis and location specific risk assessments may require additional product specific familiarisation which is the responsibility of the duty holder.
All training based on this standard and any related training equipment or facilities shall, as a minimum, meet the requirements described in the GWO Requirements for Training.
7.2 Lesson plans
All training developed from this standard must comply with the requirements set forth in the GWO Requirements for Training and must be supported by the development of comprehensive lesson plans based on and referenced to the standard.
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7.3 Participant Performance Assessment
The participants will be assessed separately on each module according to the learning objectives, by means of direct observation and supplementary oral questions where appropriate (formative evaluation).
Furthermore, the participants will be subjected summative evaluation in the form of a written test assessing achievement of the learning objectives within each module.
Training providers must have a documented procedure in place for dealing with participants not meeting the stated learning outcome.
Administering the written test The written test can consist of multiple-choice or descriptive answer questions and shall be set at the same taxonomy level as the objective that they are testing.
The multiple-choice test must be conducted in accordance with the following criteria:
1. There shall be at least one question for each lesson in the module with a minimum of 10 questions for each stand-alone module.
2.
There shall be a time limit of 1½ minutes per question.
3.
Each participant must complete a written test independently.
4.
The participants shall not communicate with each other during the test
5. The participants shall not communicate with any persons via email, telephone, Skype (or similar) or social media during the test
6. Where a participant does not understand the meaning of a question or a multiple-choice option, the instructor shall be allowed to help the participant to understand the meaning of the question or the multiple-choice options. The instructor shall not give the participant the correct answers to any test questions.
Participants may use:
a. training material, handouts and their own course notes
Participants may not use:
• mobile phones (except for calculator) or wearables (e.g. smart watch, google glasses)
•
laptops, tablets or internet browsers
•
any other devices similar to those listed above
The multiple-choice test questions cannot be used at any other time during the training in such a way that the participants could recognise that they will be test questions at the end.
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At least 70% of the questions in the written test must be answered correctly in order to pass the corresponding module.
If a participant fails the test, the instructor will have a discussion with the participant in order to find out the reason for this. If the reason was due to the misunderstanding of a question or due to language difficulties, the instructor can mark a question as correct, provided that the participant is able to demonstrate the right level of understanding. This must be properly documented by the instructor and kept together with the tests, control measures, evaluations, etc. Throughout each of the Solar Technical Training Modules, the instructor will use the participant performance assessment form (see the GWO Requirements for Training) to evaluate the participant’s knowledge and skills, with a high focus on evaluating the participant’s safety awareness.
The instructor shall keep a participant performance assessment form (or adaptation) for each participant until the completion/evaluation of each Solar Technical Training Module.
The participant performance assessment form (or adaptation) is a final evaluation tool for the instructors to assess participants during practical elements. It allows measurement of the number of violations regarding safety, competency or attitude. The participant performance assessment form shall be used as a progressive evaluation tool to discuss the performance of a participant in guiding them to success. It also serves as supporting documentation if a participant passes or fails the module. Training providers may adapt the participant performance assessment form to other media.
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Technical training Technical training
Solar Technical Training Standard / V1 02072025
Solar Technical Training Installation
(S-TTI)
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8. SOLAR TECHNICAL TRAINING - INSTALLATION MODULE
8.1 Aims and Objectives of the S-TT Installation Module The aim of this Solar Technical Training Installation Module is to give the participants the knowledge and skills to carry out basic installation tasks under supervision, using safe working procedures and the correct PPE.
After having successfully completed the module, the participants can:
1) Describe the main components, mechanical systems and basic operation of solar arrays (Knowledge, basic level)
2) Discuss risks and hazards associated with mechanics (Knowledge, intermediate level)
3) Explain the principles of bolted and welded connections and their inspection (Knowledge, intermediate level)
4) Apply manual tightening and measuring tools (Skills, intermediate level)
5) Recognise the main installation activities (Knowledge, basic level)
6) Discuss the overall risks and hazards associated with the installation environment (Knowledge, intermediate level level)
7) Discuss the checklist system throughout the complete installation process (Knowledge, intermediate level level)
8) Describe the characteristics of the installation environments (Knowledge, basic level)
9) Recognise the principles and standards for handling and storing goods and components onsite or within a storage area, before and after installation (Knowledge, basic level)
10) Describe the basic preparation of main components before installation (Knowledge, basic level)
11) Describe the basic mechanical completion (Knowledge, basic level)
12) Perform the basic electrical completion including the principles and standards for handling and installing cables (Skills, intermediate level level)
13) Recognise the basis of how to do a handover to commissioning (Knowledge, basic level)
8.2 Duration of the S-TT Installation Module
The total contact time for completing the Solar Technical Training Installation module is 12 hours and 15 minutes.
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The training provider must not exceed the time per day given in the table 8.2.1 below.
Maximum Duration Per Day
Contact time
8 hours
Total training day
10 hours
Table 8.2.1 - Maximum duration for training days
Contact time includes delivery of course lesson content, practical exercises and activities directly related to these.
Note
The total training day includes contact time, meals and breaks and travel between training sites (where applicable).
8.3 Participant Ratio of the S-TT Installation
The ratio shown for theory sessions indicates the maximum number of participants per instructor attending the course.
Practical ratios indicate the maximum number of participants to be supervised by an instructor during each activity.
Module
Session
Instructor to Participant Ratio
Theory
1:12
S-TT Installation
Practical
1:8
Table 8.3.1 - Instructor to participant ratio
8.4 Equipment for the S-TT Installation Module
The equipment required for training as listed in Annex 1 must be available and must fulfill national legal requirements.
8.5 Timetable of the S-TT Installation Module
The order in which elements of this module training are delivered may vary according to the lesson plans developed by the training provider.
The delivery of this module must comply with the requirements described in the GWO Requirements for Training.
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Lesson
Element
Duration
1. Introduction
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7
Safety and emergency procedures
Facilities
Introduction
Aims and objectives Ongoing assessments
Motivation
Human factors TOTAL
30 min.
2. Introduction to solar systems and mechanical components
2.1 2.2 2.3
Main components of the structure
Main mechanical systems How solar systems works TOTAL Why mechanical safety?
50 min.
3. Mechanical safety
3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4
Safety signs Types of PPE
Hand tool awareness TOTAL
45 min.
4. The principles of bolted and welded connections
4.1 4.2
The principles of bolted connections
The locations of important bolted and welded connections
4.3 4.4
Inspection of welded connections
Bolt connections and correct tightening tools TOTAL
40 min.
5. Use of manual tightening and measuring tools
5.1 5.2
Metric system
Selecting and using the correct manual tightening tools Correctly setting and using a torque wrench TOTAL
5.3
20 min.
6. Introduction to installation
6.1 6.2 6.3
Installation overview Why installation safety?
The importance of appropriate isolation TOTAL Inspection, preparation and assembly Examples of mechanical completion TOTAL
45 min.
7. Component Assembly
7.1 7.2
15 min.
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8. General procedures for
Checklists and work instructions
8.1 8.2
working onsite with installation
Housekeeping TOTAL
20 min.
9. Installation environments
Installation environments TOTAL
9.1
20 min.
10. Handling and storing
10.1 Risks and hazards associated with handling and storing 10.2 Reception/Inspection 10.3 Unloading, storing and transport of solar components 10.4 Tools and equipment 10.5 Return of goods and components TOTAL 11.1 Introduction to electrical completion 11.2 Examples of electrical assembly 11.3 Risks and hazards associated with handling and working with cables 11.4 Different types of cables 11.5 Simple installation diagrams 11.6 Cutting and crimping cables 11.7 Marking, routing and termination of all cable types 11.8 Solar PV connectors TOTAL
25 min.
11. Introduction to electrical assembly
360 min.
12. Summary and theoretical test
12.1 Summary 12.2 Theoretical test TOTAL 13.1 Training review 13.2 Feedback session TOTAL
50 min.
13. Training review
15 min.
GRAND TOTAL
735 min.
Table 8.5.1 – S-TT Installation timetable
8.6 Detailed Description of the S-TT Installation Module
LESSON 1 - INTRODUCTION
30 min.
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The aim of this lesson is to enable the participants to engage in the S-TT Installation Module safely and with motivation, while recognising what is expected of them during the training.
If this module is delivered combined with other Solar Technical Training modules to the same participants, the redundant introductory elements shall not be repeated.
Note
After successfully completing this lesson, the participants can:
14) Describe the module content and the facilities involved to ensure a clear understanding of what is expected during the module (Knowledge, basic level)
15) Name and point out local emergency procedures and facilities (Knowledge, basic level)
16) Describe the relevant human factors and the implications thereof (Knowledge, basic level)
ELEMENT 1.1 - SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS AND EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
Learning objectives:
17) The participants can recognise the safety instructions, rules and emergency procedures (Knowledge, basic level)
18) The participants can show interest or curiosity in the safety and emergency procedures (Ability, basic level)
The instructor shall:
Explain and ask involving and open-ended questions concerning:
a. safety instructions according to internal procedures
b. emergency procedures and emergency exits in the areas where the participants can be expected to be located during the module
The participants shall:
Engage in answering the above questions
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ELEMENT 1.2 - FACILITIES
Learning objectives:
19) The participants can recognise the facilities at the training location (Knowledge, basic level)
The instructor shall:
Give a general description of the facilities at the location (administration, dining area, restrooms and toilets, etc.)
The participants shall:
Note relevant facilitates and ask questions when in doubt about facilities
ELEMENT 1.3 - INTRODUCTION
Learning objectives:
20) The participants can show interest in fellow participants and the programme of the S-TT Installation Module (Ability, basic level)
The instructor shall:
Explain and ask involving questions about the programme of the Solar Technical Training Installation module, including breaks and mealtimes
Give a short introduction about themselves, including their backgrounds as instructors
Ask for participants’ expectations of the training and of their learning outcome
The participants shall:
Give a short introduction about themselves, including job function, and share their expectations of the training and learning outcome for the training
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ELEMENT 1.4 - AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
Learning objectives:
21) The participants can recognise the scope and main objectives of the Solar Technical Training Installation module (Knowledge, basic level)
The instructor shall:
Explain the scope and main objectives of the Solar Technical Training Installation module
Involve participants through questions about the participants’ understandings and individual experiences relevant to the Solar Technical Training Installation module
The participants shall:
Engage in answering questions and share experiences relevant to the Solar Technical Training Installation module
ELEMENT 1.5 - ONGOING ASSESSMENTS
Learning objectives:
22) The participants can recognise the reasons for the ongoing assessment, and recognise how the GWO participant assessment form will be used throughout the module (Knowledge, basic level)
The instructor shall:
Explain the reasons for the ongoing assessment
Explain the GWO participant assessment form, and how it will be used
Ask for the participants thoughts on the assessment procedure presented
The participants shall:
Engage in discussions on the assessment procedure
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ELEMENT 1.6 - MOTIVATION
Learning objectives:
23) The participants can show willingness to be personally involved in the learning activities throughout the Solar Technical Installation module (Ability, basic level)
The instructor shall:
Explain and facilitate discussions on:
a. the importance of personal involvement in the module
b. the need for the Solar Technical Training Installation Module when working in the solar industry specific environment
The participants shall:
Engage themselves in discussions about the importance of personal involvement in the module and the need for the Solar Technical Training Installation Module when working in the solar industry specific environment
ELEMENT 1.7 - HUMAN FACTORS
Learning objectives:
24) The participants can describe the relevant human factors, and the implications thereof (Knowledge, basic level)
25) The participants can show interest and willingness to focus on human factors during the following practical exercises (Ability, basic level)
The instructor shall:
Present how the human factor has an influence on accidents in the industry specific environment
Lead a discussion about the role of the individual in improving human performance and how this improvement can benefit safety when working in the industry specific environment, by considering factors like:
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a.
attention and perception
b.
group behaviour and peer pressure
c.
fitness and health
d.
domestic and work-related stress
e.
workload (both overload and underload)
f.
fatigue
g.
time pressure and deadlines
h.
alcohol, medication and substance abuse
The participants shall:
Engage in discussions and share understandings about the human factor influence on accidents when working in the solar industry specific work environment
LESSON 2 - INTRODUCTION TO SOLAR SYSTEMS AND MECHANICAL COMPONENTS
50 min.
The aim of this lesson is to give the participants an introduction to solar industry equipment.
ELEMENT 2.1 - MAIN COMPONENTS OF THE STRUCTURE
Learning objectives:
26) The participants can describe the main components in a solar array and a solar system (Knowledge, intermediate level)
27) The participants can recognise the function and operating principles of the gearbox (Knowledge, basic level)
The instructor shall:
Explain the basic function and location of the:
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a.
dampeners
b.
torque tubes
c.
motoring Gearbox
d.
drive lines
e.
bearings
Facilitate discussions with the participants about the main mechanical components of the structure of a solar array:
a.
dampeners
b.
torque tubes
c.
motoring Gearbox
d.
drive lines
e.
bearings
Explain the operating principles of the gearbox
Explain the basic function and location of the:
a.
Inverter
b.
Combiner Box
c.
Monitoring System
d.
Transformer
e.
AC/DC Disconnects
f.
Cables
Facilitate discussions with the participants about the main components of the structure
The participants shall:
Engage in discussions about the main mechanical components of the structure of a solar array
Engage in discussion about the main components of the solar system
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ELEMENT 2.2 - MAIN MECHANICAL SYSTEMS
Learning objectives:
28) The participants can discuss the function, main components and location of the main mechanical systems in a solar array (Knowledge, intermediate level)
The instructor shall:
Present the basic function, main components and location of the:
a.
dampeners
b.
torque tubes
c.
motoring Gearbox
d.
drive lines
e.
bearings
Facilitate group discussions that challenges the participants to see the connection between the above mechanical systems and the main components of the structure of the solar array, which have been discussed earlier in the lesson.
Give constructive feedback on the participant groups’ discussions
The participants shall:
Engage in a group discussion and share understandings about the connection between the above mechanical systems and the main components of the structure of the solar array
ELEMENT 2.3 - HOW SOLAR SYSTEMS WORK
Learning objectives:
29) The participants can describe how a solar system works (Knowledge, basic level)
The instructor shall:
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Explain how the solar array uses the suns radiance to produce electricity using all main components from Element 2.1
Define and explain wind speed direction and limits
Define and explain radiance
Describe the principles of power production in arrays
Define and explain the function of cables and combiner boxes
Describe the importance of snow and environmental sensors
Facilitate discussions with the participants about energy, radiance and solar arrays
The participants shall:
Engage in discussions about energy, radiance and solar arrays
LESSON 3 - MECHANICAL SAFETY
45 min.
The aim of this lesson is to enable participants to handle mechanical hazards in a solar array.
ELEMENT 3.1 - WHY MECHANICAL SAFETY?
Learning objectives:
30) The participants can discuss the safety risks and hazards in mechanical systems (Knowledge, intermediate level)
31) The participants can explain the importance of Mechanical Safety (Knowledge, intermediate level)
The instructor shall:
Facilitate group discussions on the safety risks and hazards in mechanical systems (e.g. bruises, squeezing, rotation, chemicals, trapping, slipping, pinching)
Explain the importance of working according to approved working practices (through e.g. the use of storytelling or scenarios)
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Technical training
Solar Technical Training Standard / V1 02072025
Show the consequences of not following approved working practices (e.g., pictures, stories or scenarios of injuries related to mechanical incidents)
Explain the need for Safety Data Sheets (SDS)
Ask the participants relevant questions about safe working procedures, identifying the necessary PPE and appropriate tools when working with mechanics
Give constructive feedback on the participants’ group discussion and explanations about the safety risks and hazards in mechanical systems and the importance of mechanical safety
The participants shall:
Engage in a group discussion on the safety risks and hazards in mechanical systems
Explain in their own words and share understandings about safe working procedures, identifying the necessary PPE and appropriate tools when working with mechanics
ELEMENT 3.2 - SAFETY SIGNS
Learning objectives:
32) The participants can describe different safety signs and their meanings (Knowledge, basic level)
33) The participants can recognise the importance of adhering to safety signs (Knowledge, basic level)
34) The participants can show interest in adhering to the meaning of different safety signs’ (Ability, basic level)
The instructor shall:
Explain how to identify different signs for mechanical danger (e.g. moving parts, pinch point, PPE mandatory)
Show examples of safety signs on different locations in the work environment (e.g. moving parts, pinch point, helmet mandatory)
Explain how to identify different signs in an installation environment
Show examples of and explain safety signs in different locations in an installation environment
Show the consequences of not adhering to safety signs in the work environment through e.g. stories, pictures or examples (injuries related to mechanics)
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Technical training
Solar Technical Training Standard / V1 02072025
Facilitate discussions about different safety signs and their meanings
The participants shall:
Engage in discussions about different safety signs and their meanings
ELEMENT 3.3 - TYPES OF PPE
Learning objectives:
35) The participants can describe the required PPE for working with mechanics (Knowledge, basic level)
36) The participants can discuss the required PPE in an installation environment (Knowledge, intermediate level)
The instructor shall:
Explain and demonstrate examples of the usage and inspection of PPE suitable for mechanical work
Show examples of and explain the usage and inspection of suitable PPE suitable in an installation environment
Ask the participants relevant questions about the required PPE for working with mechanics
Facilitate group discussions about the differences and similarities between the required general PPE when working in an installation environment and the specific PPE required for mechanical work
Give constructive feedback on the participants’ group discussions
The participants shall:
Describe in their own words and share understandings about the required PPE for mechanical work
Engage in a group discussion about the differences and similarities between the required general PPE when working in an installation environment and the specific PPE required for mechanical work
ELEMENT 3.4 - HAND TOOL AWARENESS
Learning objectives:
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Technical training
Solar Technical Training Standard / V1 02072025
37) The participants can explain the connection between the characteristics of a tool in terms of tool hazards, and the potential for short- and long-term injury and common control measures to mitigate this (Knowledge, intermediate level) 38) The participants can show interest in following manufacturers documentation (manuals, risk assessments guidelines) and company specific procedures to prevent short- and long-term injury (Ability, basic level)
The ability to take responsibility of preventing injuries from the use of handheld tools must be practiced in following practical exercises where relevant
Note
The instructor shall:
Pose questions about hazards from using manual and powered handheld tools with moving parts (e.g. manual torque wrench, impact wrenches, hydraulic torque tools, electrical drills) and preventive actions depending on the task at hand including:
a.
cutting
b.
sanding
c.
grinding
d.
torquing
Lead discussion on hazards to self or others such as:
a.
vibration
b.
dust
c.
chemical exposure
d.
ergonomical hazards
e.
entanglement
f.
and noise injuries
Ask open ended questions about potential Injuries such as:
a.
eye injuries
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Technical training
Solar Technical Training Standard / V1 02072025
b.
pinching, abrasion
c.
cuts, crushing
d.
hand arm vibration syndrome (HAVS)
e.
respiratory injuries, chemical reactions or allergies
f.
musculoskeletal disorders
g.
repetitive strain injury
h.
hearing reduction or tinnitus
Provide feedback to the participants and present further procedures and risk-mitigating actions applying manufactures documentation
Provide examples of common legal regulations (In terms of accepted levels of exposure or durations of exposure to a hazard e.g. accepted noise levels or work-time limitations on using specific types of PPE) and commonly legally mandated control measures for each individual hazard such as:
a.
eye protection
b.
protective clothing
c.
protective gloves
d.
anti-vibration gloves
e.
local exhaust ventilation (LEV)
f.
respiratory protection
g.
manual handling aids
h.
hearing protection
The participants shall:
In pairs or small groups, share their own knowledge and provide examples of tool hazards and risks of injury using different kinds of handheld tools to create answers to the instructor's questions
Suggest actions for correct and safe use of powered handheld tools to mitigate injuries relevant in the solar industry LESSON 4 - THE PRINCIPLES OF BOLTED AND WELDED CONNECTIONS
40 min.
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Technical training
Solar Technical Training Standard / V1 02072025
The aim of this lesson is to give participants an understanding of bolted and welded connections and their inspection.
ELEMENT 4.1 - THE PRINCIPLES OF BOLTED CONNECTIONS
Learning objectives:
39) The participants can discuss the principles of bolted connections (Knowledge, intermediate level)
The instructor shall:
Explain how to identify different types of bolts according to:
a.
dimensions
b.
thread type
c. material and treatments (hot dip galvanised, electroplated, stainless steel, pre-lubricated)
d.
quality
Explain how bolt strength is proportional to the size of the bolt and dependent on material and quality
Explain the function of and types of washers
Explain the importance of bolt thread lubrication
Explain the importance of the same temperature for all set components
Define and explain torque
Explain the principles of angular tightening
Show the importance of correct tightening (e.g. compromised integrity of structure, electrical fires)
Facilitate group discussions on:
a. bolts, threads, lubricants, strengths of materials and temperature influences
b.
force and torque
Give constructive feedback on the participant groups’ discussions about bolted connections
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Technical training
Solar Technical Training Standard / V1 02072025
The participants shall:
Engage in a group discussion and share understandings about bolts, threads, lubricants, strengths of materials and temperature influences
Engage in a group discussion and share understandings about force and torque
ELEMENT 4.2 - THE LOCATIONS OF IMPORTANT BOLTED AND WELDED CONNECTIONS
Learning objectives:
40) The participants can describe the location of important bolted and welded connections (Knowledge, basic level)
The instructor shall:
Show and explain an example of a bolted connection and a welded connection for:
a.
dampeners
b.
torque tubes
c.
motoring gearbox
d.
drive lines
e.
bearings
f.
solar array structure
Ask the participants relevant questions about the location of important bolted and welded connections
The participants shall:
Describe in their own words and share understandings about the location of important bolted and welded connections
ELEMENT 4.3 - INSPECTION OF WELDED CONNECTIONS
Learning objectives:
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