overtly racist or sexist to another person. But less research has been done on what are known as mi - cro-aggressions, small everyday occurrences that can rub a person the wrong wa y. That research is improving, but there are other factors that need to be more fully explored. While studies have looked at historical trauma in the African-American popula - tion, the concept has not been fully investigated with regards to Hispanic and Asian populations. “This notion of historic trauma could be really rel - evant to other groups, but it hasn't received much attention at all,” D r. Gilbert says. “This is something we should pay attention to.” All of this adds up to the fact that treatment provid - ers may be missing a key piece of the substance abuse puzzle.
The team found that discrimination did indeed lead to an increase in drinking frequenc y , quantity of alcohol consumed, and in the risk for alcohol use disorders. Researchers say drinking can represent a coping mechanism in response to the stress caused by discrimination, and several studies showed clients acknowledging this direct link themselves. But when looking at specific populations and types of discrimi - nation, the picture becomes less clea r. “The story is that generally there is good scientif - ic support, but the evidence is mixed for different groups and for types of discrimination,” says D r. Paul Gilbert, the study’s lead author. “We don’t real- ly know comparing one type or one level to anothe r .” For example, much research has been done on inter - personal discrimination where someone is
But just because the intricacies of how discrimination affects drink - ing aren’t yet fully understood, that doesn’t mean our current knowledge base can’t be helpful. D r . Gilbert says simply knowing that experiences with discrimination can drive drinking could in - form the way treatment providers interact with clients, opening new areas of their lives to explore during treatment. “It can serve as sort of an early warning or indicato r ,” D r. Gilbert says. “For treatment providers, it ’ s worth looking at: is there some - thing that may be keeping folks from accessing services or affecting outcomes?”
Dr . Gilbert says treatment providers should continue to address discrimination as part of a holistic approach to recover y . He says it will be up to researchers to fill
in the gaps to find the precise ways that discrimination affects drinking behavio r. “W e’ve got good evidence on this level of interpersonal discrimination,” D r. Gilbert says. “W e’ve gotten the low-hanging fruit, now it’ s time to start working on the stuff that’ s a little further up the tree.”
“It can serve as sort of an early warning or indicator.” - Dr. Paul Gilbert, University of Iowa
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