Bridging the GAPs: Approaches to Treating Water On Farms

T A B L E O F CON T E N T S

Attribution............................................................................................................................................................. 2 Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................................. 3 Bridging the GAPs: Approaches to Treating Water On Farms ................................................................................ 4 About Us................................................................................................................................................................ 5 FSMA and Agricultural Water Treatment .............................................................................................................. 8 FSMA Definition and Requirements of Agricultural Water ................................................................................................ 8 Overview of Agricultural Water Treatment...................................................................................................................... 11 Agricultural Water Treatment Tools .................................................................................................................... 16 Commercially Available Agriculture Water Treatment Technologies .............................................................................. 16 Antimicrobial Pesticide Products – Chlorination .............................................................................................................. 17 Antimicrobial Pesticide Products – Chlorine Dioxide ....................................................................................................... 25 Antimicrobial Pesticide Products – Peroxyacetic Acid/Peracetic Acid ............................................................................. 25 Antimicrobial Devices – Ultraviolet light .......................................................................................................................... 26 Antimicrobial Devices – Ozone ......................................................................................................................................... 28 Developing On-Farm Agricultural Water Treatment Programs............................................................................ 31 Importance of SOPs .......................................................................................................................................................... 32 Critical Limits..................................................................................................................................................................... 32 Monitoring ........................................................................................................................................................................ 34 Corrective Actions............................................................................................................................................................. 36 Validation and Verification ............................................................................................................................................... 38 Recordkeeping .................................................................................................................................................................. 42 Implementing Agricultural Water Treatments on the Farm................................................................................. 45 Calcium hypochlorite chlorinator ..................................................................................................................................... 45 Liquid injection: hypochlorite or peroxyacetic acid ......................................................................................................... 47 Ultraviolet light ................................................................................................................................................................. 55 Chemical injection versus treatment with a pesticide device .......................................................................................... 57 Multi-hurdle approach...................................................................................................................................................... 58 Monitoring ........................................................................................................................................................................ 58 Water testing .................................................................................................................................................................... 60 Corrective actions ............................................................................................................................................................. 60 Summary ........................................................................................................................................................................... 61