1941 Ornamental Foliar Nutrient Deficiency ID
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Manganese deficient garcinia
Iron deficient peanut
Iron deficient philodendron
INTERVEINAL CHLOROSIS IN NEWER LEAVES
Cause and Notes: • Usually a lack of iron or manganese, sometimes both • It is not easy to tell the difference • Many plants have tendencies toward deficiencies of one or the other
Examples: • Azaleas and Ligustrum tend to be iron deficient • Oaks and Maples tend toward manganese deficiency
How to Correct: • Apply iron or manganese if you know which element is deficient • Apply both iron and manganese using Harrell’s MAX® IronMn Mg or Nitrate Plus
Vascular disease bauhinia
Boron deficient corypha
Virus on scaevola
MOUSE EAR IN NEWER LEAVES
Cause and Notes: • May be lack of nickel, molybdenum, or copper • Also caused by thrips, microscopic mites, or wind damage to juvenile foliage • Phytotoxicity from sprays is another possibility
Examples: • Seen on plants like loropetalum, poinsettia, and pecan
How to Correct: • Check for thrips and mites • Spray with a micronutrient blend that contains nickel and molybdenum • Harrell’s ProSoluble 17-5-17 or 14-2-14 both contain molybdenum
Sulfur deficient arboricola
Nitrogen deficient palm
Deficient rain tree
OVERALL PALE COLOR
Cause and Notes: • Often caused by a lack of sulfur
• Plants low on nitrogen tend to get pale and quit growing • Plants low on sulfur often get pale and keep growing • High light or heat levels can also contribute
Examples: • Weak color in an otherwise healthy looking plant is often seen in roses, scheffleras and pieris
How to Correct: • Spray with magnesium sulfate (Epsom salt) will often correct this • Adding Harrell’s ProSoluble 20-10-20 can be helpful
Phosphorus deficient ixora
Phosphorus deficient poinsettia
Phosphorus deficient gerbera
REDDISH OR PURPLE OLDER LEAVES
Cause and Notes: • Usually caused by phosphorus deficiency, especially in young plants • Most often a lack of chlorophyll in the older leaves • Secondary red pigments show through in the leaf when chlorophyll manufacture is compromised • Lack of Mg can also cause a reddish or purple color on older foliage • Manganese toxicity often shows as purple older leaves and stunting
Examples: • Seen in chrysanthemums, gerberas and impatiens
How to Correct: • Spray or drench with Harrell’s Phophorus Plus 3-30-3 or soluble 10-52-10 or 0-52-34
Potassium deficient heliconia
Potassium deficient aralia
Potassium deficient rhapis
SMALL BROWN SPOTS IN OLDER LEAVES
Cause and Notes: • Spots on newer and middle leaves may be fungal or bacterial disease • Plants in a block will tend to be affected, while others may not • Evenly distributed spots in older leaves may be K deficiency • K deficiency means stomates do not close properly, leading to localized desiccation and tiny brown spots in older leaves
Examples: • These symptoms are often seen on palms, maples and rhododendrons
How to Correct: • Spray with potassium nitrate, such as Harrell’s MAX® Potassium plus Calcium, or a top dress with K-Mag will often stop the progression of the symptom, but it won’t cure existing spots
Manganese zinc deficienct phoenix
Mites buttonwood
Nitrogen deficient cryptostegia
SMALL NEWER LEAVES
Cause and Notes: • May be a zinc deficiency, especially in tree crops, fruits and nuts • Inadequate nitrogen or copper are also possibilities • Low nitrogen can cause color issues in the middle and older leaves • When copper is low, new leaves are often extremely small How to Correct: • Use Harrell’s MAX® Minors or Non-Staining Micros, a broad spectrum micronutrient blend, as a foliar spray with some urea or potassium nitrate added • Zinc sulfate is also an effective foliar zinc source
Sulfur deficient fern
Calcium deficient strelitzia
Thrips on viburnum
THICK, BRITTLE LEAVES
Cause and Notes: • These leaves are thicker than usual and break easily • Often caused by microscopic mites, especially in hot, dry weather • Thrips injury can also give you something similar, though you also often see leaf scarring or distortion with feeding of thrips • Lack of boron, calcium or sulfur can also be a cause
Examples: • Seen on gerberas, New Guinea impatiens and some maples
How to Correct: • Sprays with calcium nitrate, Harrell’s MAX® Calcium 8.25%, or chelated calcium • Treat mite infestations as usual • Apply deficient elements as needed
Potassium deficient lily
Potassium deficient coffee
Potassium deficient tree
TIP BURN IN OLDER LEAVES
Cause and Notes: • Several possible causes, including boron toxicity, sodium toxicity, fluoride toxicity, potassium deficiency, or high soluble salt • Wind, heat or drought stress will often aggravate this symptom • A leaf analysis will help diagnose tip burn
Examples: • Seen in gingko, ornamental grasses and magnolias, among others
How to Correct: • Treat deficiencies with the nutrient that is lacking
Herbicide toxicity on mandevilla
Calcium deficient bougainvillea
Calcium deficient dieffenbachia
WEAK, THIN NEWER LEAVES
Cause and Notes: • This means the plant is likely not making good, sturdy cell walls • Lack of calcium is often the cause • Low light levels will often contribute to or aggravate this symptom • Can also be caused by herbicide injury
Examples: • Seen on philodendrons, many hanging basket varieties, even cannabis
How to Correct: • Sprays with calcium nitrate, Harrell’s MAX® Calcium 8.25%, or chelated calcium will often help • Some plants respond to foliar silicates as well • Harrell’s MAX® Potassium Silicate is an excellent source, which may also help with disease and insect resistance
Magnesium deficient rose
Magnesium deficient mulberry
Magnesium deficient spath
YELLOW CHLOROSIS IN OLDER LEAVES
Cause and Notes: • Usually a lack of nitrogen, magnesium or sulfur • Can also be caused by drought stress or root disease
• Deficiency of N, Mg or S will generally appear as a less dramatic but still very noticeable yellow leaf symptom in the older leaves
Examples: • Affected plants may include abelia, arboricola, magnolia and many bedding plants
How to Correct: • In the case of N, Mg or S deficiency, apply that nutrient
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