CRUX ESSAY CONTEST WINNER 2019 - 2020
" According to Friedan ( 1963 ), men who work as statesmen , anthropologists , physicists , or poets are not supposed to do dishes and / or change babies ’ diapers because they have more important duties to accomplish ."
effective caregivers than stay - at - home - fathers ( Okimoto & Heilman , 2012 ). Arkass ( 2013 ) examined how the American media constantly reminds females about the importance of their duties . Women are warned to start their families because of a decline in fertility as women age ( Arkass , 2013 ). Arkass ( 2013 ) examined the possible risk factors associated with being the child of a working mother , such as diabetes and obesity . It is quite interesting how women can find a right path being confused by multiple demands of motherhood ( Kelly & Dobbin , 1999 ). Such confusion , created by our society , impacts women ’ s relationships , work , and sense of self ( Endendijk , et al ., 2013 ). Working mothers experience high levels of stress , which usually disturb their relations at home ( Poduval & Poduval , 2009 ). The stress comes from work , sending children to school and completing all family plans and deadlines
a hard time to combining an effective career and responsible caregiving for their children ( Hochschild & Machung , 2003 ). Primarily , this occurred due to a lack of support from their partners and / or government ( Mandel & Semyonov , 2005 ). In Korea , before the 1990s , working mothers were a very unusual thing ( Motro & Vanneman , 2015 ). Korea was one of the countries where stay - at - home mothers were expected to concentrate only on the housework , their husbands , and children ( Won , 2015 ). However , the situation changed in the late 1990s when the active movement of married women with children became involved in the labor market ( Motro & Vanneman , 2015 ). Traditionally , Korean society defined working mothers who did not give full - time care to their children as deficient ( Motro & Vanneman , 2015 ). Those mothers put their children ’ s wellbeing at risk and did not complete their motherly duties in regards to the development and educational achievements of their children ( Won , 2015 ). The negative portrayal of working mothers was demonstrated in 1990s during the rise of feminism , when women combined jobs and caregiving at home ( Motro & Vanneman , 2015 ). The portrayal usually showed a distressed guilty mother and her unhappy children , who were left in child care ( Motro & Vanneman , 2015 ). Haslam , Patrick , & Kirby ( 2014 ) showed that some stay - at - home mothers show regrets about sitting at home and idling . According to Haslam , ete al . ( 2014 ), these mothers believed they wasted their time and education . They would rather return to work and progress intellectually ( Haslam ete al ., 2014 ). Working mothers , on the other hand , demonstrated guilt due to the lack of time they spent with their children ( Haslam ete al ., 2014 ). The mothers stated that they tried their best to balance work time and time they spend with their children ( Haslam ete al ., 2014 ). The study
examined a meaning and significance of jobs for full - time
mothers , which they gave up because of their families ( Haslam ete el ., 2014 ). The working mothers shared how they combined relationships and jobs in their lives , and how social class , gender , and culture impacted relationships and work ( Haslam et al ., 2014 ). Cherry and Eaton ( 1977 ) studied 200 low - income families and examined the consequences of the children ’ s IQ because their mothers were working during first three years of the children ’ s lives . Scientists compared children of working and nonworking mothers test scores on arithmetic , reading , and spelling tests ( Cherry and Eaton , 1977 ). The results of tests showed no specific differences between children of working mothers and children of nonworking mothers ( Cherry and Eaton , 1977 ). According to Arkass ( 2013 ), many mothers work not only because of money but also to receive fulfillment in their lives . A feeling that they make a difference makes them happier ( Arkass , 2013 ). Many modern working mothers are thankful to progressive women in the past , who opened doors for them and permitted to have the choices for their lives ( Goldin &
( Poduval & Poduval , 2009 ). According to Poduval ( 2009 ),
working mothers have to look after home concurrently , maintaining its cleanliness and order because it is still believed to be a woman ’ s responsibility . A child ’ s unpredicted illness can be a disaster that can be difficult to handle ( Poduval & Poduval , 2009 ). Due to gender stereotypes , our society still believes that the woman is the one , who is expected to take care of ill children ( Poduval & Poduval , 2009 ). Usually , the working mothers would take several days off to take care about their sick children ( Poduval & Poduval , 2009 ). A popular portrayal of the stressed - out working mother could easily explain employers ’ preference towards male employees ( Motro & Vanneman , 2015 ) due to high productivity of males ( Mandel & Semyonov , 2005 ). Hochschild ( 1989 ) described an idea of the double load on working moms in her “ second period .” Horshild ( 1989 ) also examined stubborn male resistance . Supporters of modification of women ’ s lives claimed that American women had
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