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NEW ZEALAND BEEKEEPER, MAY 2017
References Bryant, V. M. (2001). Pollen contents of honey. Canadian Association of Palynologists newsletter, 24 (1):10–24. Available online at http://www.scirpus.ca/ cap/articles/paper017.htm Harris, W. F., & Filmer, D. W. (1948). Pollen in honey and bee loads. The New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology, A, 30, 178–187. Li, X., Raine, J. I., & de Lange, P. J. (2016). Differentiation of manuka and kanuka pollen in honey. Apiculture New Zealand National Conference, 19–21 June 2016, Rotorua. Available online at http:// apicultureconference2016.co.nz/wp- content/uploads/2016/07/Poster-GNS- science-manuka_kanuka-poster-copy.pdf Moar, N. T. (1985), Pollen analysis of New Zealand honey. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 28, 39–70. Newstrom-Lloyd, L. E. (2016, August). Naati Beez planting Trees for Bees for East Coast mānuka support. The New Zealand Beekeeper, 24 (7), 26–27. Newstrom-Lloyd, L. E. (2016, September). The Naati Beez Challenge to Trees for Bees The New Zealand Beekeeper, 24 (8), 16–17. Newstrom-Lloyd, L. E. (2017, March). Manuka mysteries: The biology of a flower. The New Zealand BeeKeeper, (25 )2, 20–23. Raine, I., Li, X., Newstrom-Lloyd, L., McPherson, A., Kaa, W., Raroa, R., Kaa, R., & Taare, M. (2016). Sustainable beekeeping by and for Maori landowners. Apiculture New Zealand National Conference, 19–21 June 2016, Rotorua. Available online at http://apicultureconference2016.co.nz/ wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Poster- Ngati-Beez-and-GNS-science.pdf Sawyer, R. (1988). Honey identification. Cardiff, UK: Cardiff Academic Press.
Figure 5. Acetolysed pollen grains of thyme (Thymus officinalis) with equatorial view on the left and polar view on the right. Scale bar = 10 microns. The detailed features are clear and distinct.
Figure 6. Non-acetolysed pollen grains of thyme (Thymus officinalis) with equatorial view on the left and polar view on the right. Scale bar = 10 microns. The detailed features are not very clear or distinct compared to the acetolysed pollen in Figure 5.
The Pollen Profile methods can be used for many other purposes too, such as investigating the presence of toxic plants in an area such as karaka or tutu, indicating the potential for a monofloral honey, determining what plants the bees were foraging on in the event of a pesticide poisoning, etc. The methods can be adapted at the local level to address many different questions about pollen and nectar foraging by bees. Trees for Bees will be presenting a workshop on “The Power of Pollen Profiles”with Linda Newstrom-Lloyd, Xun Li and Ian Raine at the upcoming ApiNZ Conference in July 2017 in Rotorua. We will demonstrate the Pollen Profile procedures and techniques and illustrate how to interpret pollen and nectar resources from Pollen Profiles.
Glossary of Plant Names in Pollen Profile Figures Apiaceae – Celery plant family Asteraceae – Daisy plant family Clematis – Clematis Cordyline – Cabbage Tree Coriaria – Tutu plant Ericaceae – Heather family Hoheria – Lacebark species Knightia – Rewarewa Kunzea – Kānuka Leptospermum – Mānuka Lotus – Birdsfoot trefoil Metrosideros – Pōhutukawa Pennantia – Kaikomako Plantago – Plantain Ranunculaceae – Buttercup family Ranunculus – Buttercup species Rosaceae – Rose family Rubus – Raspberry, Blackberry or Bush lawyer Taraxacum – Dandelion Trifolium – Clover
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