LOW BACK PAIN AND PATHOLOGIES OF THE THORACOLUMBAR JUNCTION Anatomical overview In this anatomical overview, the key point is the correlation between the forces exerted and the skier’s spine.
Segment
Description of Pain
Functional consequence
Thoracic spine (T1-T10)
Rigidity due to the costal joints. Orientation of the facet joints in the frontal plane.
Promotes rotation and lateral bending. Limits flexion/extension.
Thoracolumbar junction (T11-L2)
Transition of facet orientation (from frontal to sagittal).
Area of maximum shear and stress, as it must absorb the rotational movements of the thorax and the flexion/ extension movements of the pelvis.
Lumbar spine (L3-L5)
Orientation of the facet joints in the sagittal plane.
Promotes flexion/extension. Limits rotation.
Key Muscles: Iliopsoas (L1 to L5): It’s shortening or spasm, common after prolonged hip flexion (an important position in skiing), increases lumbar lordosis and exerts anterior shear on the spine.
Spinal erectors (Longissimus and Ilio-Costal): They undergo constant eccentric work to maintain posture against gravity and vibrations (Whole-Body Vibrations), leading to fatigue and hypertonia.
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