n this edition, the magazine delves deeper into architectural re- search and outreach, without neglecting the works and projects of our partners and architects, who leave their mark on projects and completed works through their thinking and activity. That is why Project Research will form part of our Thesis section, providing information that supports the project. In an analogy by Carlis Marti, Project Research would be the scaffolding, and the Project and the Work would be the arch. The scaffolding as a temporary support element and the arch as the finished work. In that sense, the research work published in the Thesis section is part of this new proposal in which we present the research work “Kimal-Lo Aguirre: The imperative of landscape in the face of mega-in- frastructure,” carried out by Archipiélago. The research carried out by architecture firms will form part of this area of Doctoral and Master’s Theses in order to publicize these works. Similarly, within the context of the country’s serious housing emergency, the main article in this issue introduces us to the causes and effects of public policies designed to address this difficult situation without success, along with a comparative analysis of social housing around the world and in Chile. EDITORIAL I Similarly, in the Heritage section, we look at examples and models of industrial and social housing in the National Sugar Industry (IANSA) and the National Petroleum Company (ENAP) as examples of good solutions from the past. We will also learn about the vision of architecture from the perspective of MIT Dean Hashim Sarkis, along with the career and public architecture of Edwin Weil and his extraordinary watercolours within the framework of the editorial line of Chilean modern architecture. In this edition, we highlight the work of architect Max Núñez with a plethora of his projects expressed in construction sections and tem- plates. The national crisis we face concerning the housing deficit and its increasingly difficult access is the central theme of this issue, and we believe it will be a contribution to our readers, our associates, academia, and public authorities in the search for solutions to this blight that plagues us like yet another pandemic. New AOA Board Of Directors As part of the democratic renewal of the AOA Board of Directors, in the election held last April, during which three new directors were to be elected, architects Gonzalo Mardones and Klaus Benkel were elected, and architect Jorge Belmar was reelected. Following the first Board meeting, the officers were elected, with Juan Sabbagh confirmed as president and Fernando Marín as vice president. The rest of the Board was made up of Ana María Dávila, Marcela Puga, Pablo Altikes, and past president Pablo Jordán. !
HERITAGE
Since 1978, UNESCO has recognized various industrial manifestations as part of the cultural heritage to be preserved. Industrial activity and its externalities have produced components that represent production processes associated with specific periods, many of which have been key elements in the development and evolution of our cities. Today, from a certain historical distance from the city of the past, when the first industrialization brought with it factories, road networks, rail- ways, working-class neighborhoods, and other new developments that emerged with unusual force as a new order within spatial organization. It is undeniable that these project operations within the area led to enor- mous changes in the urban structure and, specifically, in the relationship between work and housing. In fact, suburban growth through the expansion of the nineteenth-cen- tury city by locating new areas on the outskirts of the consolidated city implied not only new forms of communication and transportation that provided services to neighborhoods and facilities but also a very different spatial configuration due to the location and occupation of land used for productive activity. A situation that we know intensified during the first half of the 20th century with the import substitution model that, in the Latin American context, consolidated an urban-industrial society. However, in the 1980s, we witnessed a process of deindustrialization resulting from the neoliberal model, which led to the abandonment of large industrial sites or industrial estates, workshop areas, railway station yards, and infrastructure. This was a consequence of how economic activity linked to the processes of globalization was organized, which had a major impact on the urban structure. The functional morphological unit in the constitution of urban space in the modern city is disappearing, and with it the desire for services and facilities to be located close to residential areas. This is because, as Industrial Site and City. Housing As a Mark of Chile's First Industrialization By: Javiera Benavides & José Rosas
Yves Besançon Prats / Director Revista AOA
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