إستراتيجية الصراع

7 @ e/= ƒ‰]# ™Q™  bB I¦ GR  ' $R8 (S@ . 9' 4:) }3/ 'E " # " + # t & (c2e& c 3§ - !  &# 0f 3f& 3b* r6 1*…  t7 HE ?! r  Sˆ' '/ S@ ) 1 ( . 9:= :2 3ey# 'E  :« GR $# ‹> S*b c1 c76 S@ 6 ' ®a . . &R ,a P! $# 3ey# . v1*= :| F1  S 8 F1 G8 {% |… /C e8 FUH $# ¡ S b :ˆ . « K  Iv  GR1 'C C I ,C O1 @ !)3b€ 3b* r6 1*…  17E= 44; . H« &#  SE F1 '. =& ! GR= mR= Sa ' v8  3b* r6 1*…  44; @« p7 t  93!y e:)%& . !& 3b* 1*…   c 3E ‚J 1* F1  c''u& " 'C C ." e8 & 1 $&  K± kU% e8 Š $& & -  3   e/  - kU% e8 Š $& & -  3   }3ˆ; eŒ . $# d# 93!¸& A  F1 }3ˆ; & 3R F1 3 $ {&; C . [Z&  Iv  GR  $# F1 'm 234 aQH@, š =7 ~« . + d S b F1 [Q S|8; :« e8 '.  14 a ‡% ) 1 ( An extensive formal analysis of the coordination problem is developed by Jacob Marschak, “Elements for a Theory of Teams”, and “Toward an Economic Theory of Organization and Information”, Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers, nos. and 95 (New Series), and, with Roy Radner, “Structural and Operational Communication Problems in Teams”, Cowles Foundation Dis- cussion Papers, Economics, no. 2076. Examples of relevant empirical work can be found in Alex Bavelas, “Communication Patterns in Task-oriented Groups”, in D. Cartwright and A.F. Zander, Group Dynamics (Evanston, 1953), G.A. Heise and G.A. Miller, “Problem Solving by Small Groups Using Various Communication Nets”, in P.A. Hare, E.F. Borgatta, and R.F. Bales, Smalt Groups (New York, 1955), H. 3. Leavitt and R.A. H. Mueller, “Some Effects of Feedback on Communication”, in Small Groups, and L. Carmichael, H.P. Hogan, and A.A. Walter, “An Experimental Study of the Effects of Language on the Reproduction of Visually Perceived Form”, Journal of Experimental Psychology, 15:73-86 (February, 1932).

98

Made with FlippingBook Online newsletter