Substrate. Keep pH 5.5 ― 5.8
• Critical factors affecting pH: initial pH of substrate,
high sodium (Na) concentration, excess of calcium (Ca) in the water and substrate.
Na excess
Ca excess
Good condition
pH < 5.8.
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
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