2024-06-24_BST_V18

Safety training

Basic Safety Training Standard (BST)

V18

Publication date: 24 June 2024

Safety training

GWO Basic Safety Training / V18 2024-06-24

CONTENTS

1. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................................................6

2. TERMS AND DEFINITIONS...............................................................................................................................8

3. CHANGE LOG ................................................................................................................................................... 9

4. SCOPE .............................................................................................................................................................10

5. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR THE BASIC SAFETY TRAINING ................................................................10

5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7

Overview

11 11 11 11 12 13 13

Target Group

Aims and Objectives

Duration of the BST Standard Modules

Validity Period Course Codes

Participant Prerequisites for the BST

6. USING THIS STANDARD TO DEVELOP TRAINING .......................................................................................14

7. BST FIRST AID MODULE ................................................................................................................................16

7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6

Aim and Objectives of the BST First Aid Module

16 16 16 17 17 18

Duration of the BST First Aid Module First Aid Module Participant Ratio Equipment for the First Aid Module

First Aid Module Timetable

Detailed Description of the First Aid Module

Lesson 1 - Introduction to the training .............................................................................................................. 18 Lesson 2 - Lifesaving First Aid using primary survey and the FIRST AID structure.............................................23 Lesson 3 - Providing First Aid to relevant incidents in the wind industry...........................................................32 Lesson 4 - Scenario-based training.................................................................................................................... 36 Lesson 5 - Training review ................................................................................................................................. 38

8. BST MANUAL HANDLING MODULE .............................................................................................................41

8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6

Aims and Objectives for the BST Manual Handling Module

41 41 41 42 42 43

Duration of the BST Manual Handling Module Manual Handling Module Participant Ratio Equipment for the Manual Handling Module

Manual Handling Module Timetable

Detailed Description of the BST Manual Handling Module

Lesson 1 - Introduction to the training .............................................................................................................. 43

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Lesson 2 - Injuries, Symptoms and Essential Manual Handling Principles .........................................................49 Lesson 3 - Warm up activities ............................................................................................................................ 55 Lesson 4 - Manual handling principles............................................................................................................... 56 Lesson 5 - Training review ................................................................................................................................. 63

9. BST FIRE AWARENESS MODULE...................................................................................................................66

9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6

Aims and Objectives of the BST Fire Awareness Module

66 66 67 67 67 68

Duration of the BST Fire Awareness Module Fire Awareness Module Participant Ratio Equipment for Fire Awareness Module BST Fire Awareness Module Timetable

Detailed Description of the BST Fire Awareness Module

Lesson 1 - Introduction to the training .............................................................................................................. 68 Lesson 2 - Legislation ........................................................................................................................................ 73 Lesson 3 - Fire combustion and fire spread....................................................................................................... 75 Lesson 4 - Fire extinguishing ............................................................................................................................. 78 Lesson 5 - Fire prevention ................................................................................................................................. 81 Lesson 6 - Firefighting equipment in a WTG ..................................................................................................... 83 Lesson 7 - Practice and scenario-based training................................................................................................ 85 Lesson 8 - Training review ................................................................................................................................. 87

10. BST WORKING AT HEIGHTS MODULE .........................................................................................................90

10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6

Aims and Objectives of the BST Working at Heights Module Duration of the BST Working at Heights Module Working at Heights Module Participant Ratio Equipment for Working at Heights Module BST Working at Heights Module Timetable Detailed Description of BST Working at Heights Module

90 90 90 91 92 95

Lesson 1 - Introduction to the training .............................................................................................................. 95 Lesson 2 - Legislation ...................................................................................................................................... 100 Lesson 3 - Harness........................................................................................................................................... 101 Lesson 4 - Fall prevention................................................................................................................................ 105 Lesson 5 - Vertical fall arrest systems............................................................................................................... 109 Lesson 6 - Fall arrest lanyards.......................................................................................................................... 114 Lesson 7 - Dropped objects ............................................................................................................................ 119 Lesson 8 - Self-retracting lifelines .................................................................................................................... 121 Lesson 9 - Measures to prevent injury during training..................................................................................... 125 Lesson 10 - Practical exercises......................................................................................................................... 126 Lesson 11 - Workshop – risk/hazards & suspension trauma............................................................................. 127 Lesson 12 - Emergency procedures ................................................................................................................ 129 Lesson 13 - PPE review .................................................................................................................................... 133 Lesson 14 - Rescue devices and rigging setup................................................................................................ 133

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Lesson 15 - Measures to prevent injury during training................................................................................... 137 Lesson 16 - Rescue exercises........................................................................................................................... 138 Lesson 17 - Training review ............................................................................................................................. 142

10.7

Participant Performance Assessment

143

11. BST WORKING AT HEIGHTS & MANUAL HANDLING MODULE ...............................................................146

11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6

Aims and Objectives of the BST Working at Heights & Manual Handling Module Duration of the BST Working at Heights & Manual Handling Module Working at Heights & Manual Handling Module Participant Ratio Equipment for Working at Heights & Manual Handling Module BST Working at Heights & Manual Handling Module Timetable Detailed Description of BST Working at Heights & Manual Handling Module

146 146 147 147 148 151

Lesson 1 - Introduction to the training ............................................................................................................ 151 Lesson 2 - Legislation and behavioural safety ................................................................................................. 157 Lesson 3 - Harness........................................................................................................................................... 159 Lesson 4 - Fall prevention................................................................................................................................ 163 Lesson 5 - Vertical fall arrest systems............................................................................................................... 167 Lesson 6 - Fall arrest lanyards.......................................................................................................................... 171 Lesson 7 - Dropped objects ............................................................................................................................ 177 Lesson 8 - Self-retracting lifelines .................................................................................................................... 178 Lesson 9 - Measures to prevent injury during training..................................................................................... 182 Lesson 10 - Practical exercises......................................................................................................................... 183 Lesson 11 - Injuries, sympotms and essential manual handling principles ......................................................185 Lesson 12 - Manual handling: risk controls & proper manual handling techniques.........................................191 Lesson 13 - Emergency procedures ................................................................................................................ 199 Lesson 14 - Workshop – risk/hazards & suspension trauma............................................................................. 203 Lesson 15 - PPE review .................................................................................................................................... 204 Lesson 16 - Rescue devices and rigging setup................................................................................................ 205 Lesson 17 - Rescue exercises........................................................................................................................... 207 Lesson 18 - Training review ............................................................................................................................. 210

11.7

Participant performance assessment

211

12. BST SEA SURVIVAL MODULE.......................................................................................................................214

12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 12.7

Aims and Objectives of the BST Sea Survival Module

214 214 214 215 215 215 217

Instructor Qualification Prerequisites Duration of the Sea Survival Module

Instructor to Participant Ratio

Equipment for Sea Survival Module BST Sea Survival Module Timetable

Detailed Description of the BST Sea Survival Module

Lesson 1 - Introduction to the training ............................................................................................................ 217

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Lesson 2 - Safety culture and legacy ............................................................................................................... 222 Lesson 3 - Cold water immersion .................................................................................................................... 223 Lesson 4 - Life saving appliance (lsa) and ppe................................................................................................. 226 Lesson 5 - Search and rescue and global maritime distress & safety systems .................................................228 Lesson 6 - Practical sea survival ....................................................................................................................... 230 Lesson 7 - Safe travel and transfer (theory)...................................................................................................... 237 Lesson 8 - Installations, vessels and WTGS ..................................................................................................... 241 Lesson 9 - Transfer practical ............................................................................................................................ 242 Lesson 10 - Training review ............................................................................................................................. 247

ANNEX 1 - EQUIPMENT LIST ....................................................................................................................................249

ANNEX 2 - GUIDLINE FOR WARM-UP EXERCISES ..................................................................................................256

ANNEX 3 - MANUAL HANDLING RISK ASSESSMENT .............................................................................................263

ANNEX 4 - VERSION HISTORY ..................................................................................................................................273

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1. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

AED

Automatic External Defibrillator

ANSI

American National Standards Institute

AS/NZS

Australia and New Zealand Standard

BST

Basic Safety Training

BSTR

Basic Safety Training Refresher

BWH

Basic Working at Height

CO 2

Carbon Dioxide

CPR

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

CSA

Canadian Standards Association

European Standards

EPIRB

Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon

ERC

European Resuscitation Council

GWO

Global Wind Organisation

GMDSS

Global Maritime Distress and Safety System

H.E.L.P.

Heat Escape Lessening Posture

HSE

Health and Safety Executive (UK)

ILCOR

International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation

LSA

Life Saving Appliances

PLB

Personal Locating Beacon

MES

Marine Evacuation Systems

MOB

Man Overboard

PPE

Personal Protective Equipment

PTSD

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

SAR

Search and Rescue

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SART

Search and Rescue Transponder

SRL

Self-retractable Lifeline

T.I.L.E.

Task Individual Load Environment

TPA

Thermal Protective Aid

WTG

Wind Turbine Generator

WTG TP

Wind Turbine Generator Transition Piece

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2. TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

Term

Definition

Additional fall protection

Describes the use of an independent, additional suitable fall protection system in conjunction with a primary fall protection system. Typically, used during training to provide fall protection to participants as they learn to use fall protection equipment. Additional fall protection may sometimes be referred to as a “backup”. The additional fall protection system should be chosen in such a way that it will not hinder the exercise. Preferably this additional fall protection is not even noticeable by the participant. This means that a risk is identified and controlled to a lower level weighted against the effort, time and money needed to control it

As low as reasonably practicable

Preventing the user of a personal fall protection system from colliding with the ground, structure, or any other obstacle during a free fall

Fall arrest

Fall arrest system

Preventing the user of a personal fall protection system from colliding with the ground, structure, or any other obstacle during a free fall

Fall prevention

Preventing the user of a personal fall protection system from going into a free fall

Hip overhang A technique used during the rescue of a casualty from a ladder where the rescue line is diverted using the side D-ring located at the hip of the rescuer’s harness. This creates greater space between the casualty and the ladder

Manual handling

The transporting or supporting of a load (including lifting, putting down, pushing, pulling, carrying, or moving by hand or by bodily force)

Must

For clarity where the word ‘must’ is used in this standard it shall have the same meaning as ‘shall’

Personal fall protection system

Assembly of components intended to protect the user against falls from height, including a body holding device and an attachment system, which can be connected to a reliable anchorage point

Rescue system

Personal fall protection system by which a person can rescue themselves or others, in such a way that a free fall is prevented

Restraint system

Personal fall protection system which prevents the user from reaching zones where the risk of a fall from height exists

Verbal form used to indicate requirements strictly to be followed in order to conform to this training standard and from which no deviation is permitted

Shall

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Verbal form used to indicate that among several possibilities one is recommended as particularly suitable, without mentioning or excluding others, or that a certain course of action is preferred but not necessarily required

Should

Work positioning system

Personal fall protection system which enables the user to work in tension or suspension in such a way that free fall is prevented

3. CHANGE LOG

Amendment date

Version

Approved by & date

24 June 2024

GWO TC Dec 2023

Description of changes

Section 7 BST First Aid Module

Lesson 2- Lifesaving first aid using primary survey and the first aid structure

Element 2.1.1

• Text added to point a.i. to ensure personal safety, including the correct use of first aid equipment and PPE to minimise the risk of exposure to blood-borne and other potential pathogens

Lesson 4 - Scenario-based training

Element 4.1.2

Text added: 4.1.2 c. and PPE

•

Element 4.1.4

Text added: 4.1.4 c. and PPE

•

Annex 1 – Equipment list:

• Changed point 4 f. to appropriate PPE (e.g., protection gloves, eye protection)

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4. SCOPE

Global Wind Organisation is a non-profit body founded by the wind turbine manufacturers and owners. Our members strive for an injury free work environment in the wind turbine industry, setting common international standards for safety training and emergency procedures.

This standard describes the requirements for Basic Safety Training Standard courses that are recommended by the members of GWO. The full standard comprises of six modules:

First Aid

Manual Handling

Fire Awareness

Working at Heights

Working at heights & Manual handling combined

Sea Survival

The members of the Global Wind Organisation (GWO) recognise trained persons as competent within basic safety in the wind industry and accept the trained person as possessing the required knowledge to stop an unsafe situation where they as duty-holders are accountable for safety. This standard has been developed in response to the demand for recognisable safety training in the industry and has been prepared in co-operation between the members of GWO based on risk assessments and factual incident and accident statistics from G+ and the wind industry.

General feedback on this document can be sent to info@globalwindsafety.org. See globalwindsafety.org on how to raise a complaint about a training provider or report a safety incident occurring during training.

5. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR THE BASIC SAFETY TRAINING Upon completion of the Basic Safety Training modules, participants will be able to possess an awareness of the hazards encountered when working within the wind industry and how to control and mitigate these hazards. The BST will also equip participants with the knowledge, skills, and confidence to appropriately respond in the event of an emergency and to increase their safety through proper use of personal protective equipment, emergency equipment and procedures. The approved GWO Basic Safety Training (BST) provides participants with important skills, which include fire awareness, first aid, working at heights, and manual handling. To enable participants to work in the offshore environment, an additional GWO Sea Survival Module training shall be completed.

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5.1 Overview

The GWO Basic Safety Training is divided into the following six modules:

Module 1: First Aid Module 2: Manual Handling Module 3: Fire Awareness Module 4: Working at Heights Module 5: Working at Heights & Manual Handling combined Module 6: Sea Survival

Working at Heights & Manual Handling Combined is a combined module comprising the lessons and elements from both the Working at Height Module and the Manual Handling Module and is intended to be delivered in two days. The combined Working at Height & Manual Handling Module can be delivered instead of the two standalone modules, where the combined course is delivered, then the participants shall receive two training records: one for working at height and one for manual handling.

Note

5.2 Target Group

Personnel who will be working in the wind industry or related fields and will have their duties in a wind turbine environment, usually in physical contact with a wind turbine or WTG structure.

Personnel that perform job functions that have been risk assessed by their employer or their workplace duty holder as a function, where training according to one or more modules of the BST standard may mitigate of the identified risks. 5.3 Aims and Objectives Training in accordance with this Basic Safety Training will enable participants to support and care for themselves and others working in the industry by possessing the knowledge and skills of first aid, working at heights, manual handling, fire awareness, sea survival and in case of an emergency, to be able to evacuate, rescue and provide appropriate first aid to casualties.

5.4 Duration of the BST Standard Modules

The total contact time for completing the Basic Safety Training Standard is to be 33 hours and 50 minutes. This is based on the times given in the module timetables and summarised in table 5.4.1 below.

Modules

Duration

First Aid

7 hours

Manual Handling

3 hours 35 minutes

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Fire Awareness

3 hours 20 minutes

Working at Heights

13 hours 25 minutes

Working at Heights & Manual Handling Combined

14 hours 40 minutes

Sea Survival

6 hours 30 minutes

Table 5.4.1 – Duration of the GWO BST Modules

The training provider must not exceed the time per day given in table 5.4.2 below.

Maximum Duration Per Day

Contact time

8 hours

Total training day

10 days

Table 5.4.2 – Maximum durations for training days

The delivery of this module must comply with the requirements described in the GWO Requirements for Training.

Note

The total training day includes contact time, meals and breaks and travel between training sites (where applicable).

Within the module timetables, approximate durations of each of the lessons are given. The training provider may choose to deliver elements of the training according to other timetables, as long as the total duration is not reduced, and practical elements are not reduced in length. Theoretical elements may be delivered during the practical exercises when feasible.

If a participant fails to meet the demands of the BST Module, they shall attend a new BST.

5.5 Validity Period Basic Safety Standard training is valid for the period stated in Table 5.5.1 (below). Certificates and training records shall be renewed before the end of a given validity period. A certificate or training record can be renewed up to two months prior to expiry and maintain the original certification date by uploading the previous certificates valid until date in WINDA.

If a certificate or training record is renewed outside of two months of expiry, it must carry the new date of certification.

If a certificate is or training record is expired, the participant must attend the applicable BST module(s) training(s) to obtain a new training record.

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The validity period is automatically calculated by WINDA by entering the course completion date.

Course/module

Certificate Validity (Months)

First Aid

Manual Handling

Fire Awareness

Working at Heights

Working at Heights & Manual Handling Combined

Sea Survival

Table 5.5.1 – GWO BST certificate validity periods

5.6 Course Codes

Module

Course Code

First Aid

Manual Handling

Fire Awareness

FAW

Working at Heights

WAH

Working at Heights & Manual Handling Combined

WAH/MH

Sea Survival

Table 5.6.1 – GWO BST Module course codes

The BST Working at Heights Module is not intended to test a participant’s fear of heights

Note

5.7 Participant Prerequisites for the BST

All personnel participating must meet the participant prerequisites described in the GWO Requirements for Training.

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6. USING THIS STANDARD TO DEVELOP TRAINING The training in this standard is designed around the GWO taxonomy described in the GWO Requirements for Training. Theoretical and practical activities must be delivered according to the defined taxonomic level in order to reach the described learning objectives. When teaching safety equipment, a generic approach to shall be applied aiming to avoid additional potential product specific formal training after completion of this training. However, national or regional legislation, company gap analysis and location specific risk assessments may require additional product specific familiarisation which is the responsibility of the duty holder.

In addition to this, all training based on this standard including all related resources shall, as a minimum, meet the requirements described in the GWO Requirements for Training.

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First Aid Module

(FA)

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BST FIRST AID MODULE

7.1 Aim and Objectives of the BST First Aid Module The aim of this module is to enable participants, through theoretical and practical training, to recognise signs and symptoms of life threating situations and administer safe and effective first aid in the wind turbine industry/WTG environment in order to save lives and prevent further injury, until the casualty can be handed over to the next level of care.

After having successfully completed this BST First Aid Module, the participants will have the ability to:

1) Act independently in recognising, assessing, and prioritising the need for basic first aid and providing lifesaving first aid until the casualty can be handed over to the next level of care in case of an incident in the wind turbine industry/WTG environment (Ability, intermediate level) 2) Take responsibility for recognising their limitations as a basic first aider, calling for help and enable evacuation off the casualty in case of an incident in the wind turbine industry/WTG environment (Ability, intermediate level)

7.2 Duration of the BST First Aid Module

The total contact time for completing the BST First Aid Module is estimated to be 7 hours and 0 minutes.

The training provider must not exceed the time per day given in the Table 7.2.1 (below).

Maximum Duration Per Day

Contact time

8 hours

Total training day

10 hours

Table 7.2.1 – Maximum durations for training day

Contact time includes delivery of course lesson content, practical exercises and activities directly related to these

Note

The total training day includes contact time, meals and breaks and travel between training sites (where applicable)

7.3 First Aid Module Participant Ratio

The ratio shown for theory sessions indicates the maximum number of participants per instructor attending the course.

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Practical ratios indicate the maximum number of participants to be supervised by an instructor during each activity.

Module

Session

Instructor to Participant Ratio

Theory

1:12

BST First Aid

Practical

1:6

Table 7.3.1 – GWO First Aid Module instructor to participant ratio

7.4 Equipment for the First Aid Module

The equipment required for training as listed in Annex 1 must be available and must fulfil national legal requirements.

7.5 First Aid Module Timetable

The order in which elements of this BST Module training are delivered may vary according to the didactical choices of the delivering training provider.

The delivery of this module must comply with the requirements described in the GWO Requirements for Training .

Lesson

Element

Duration

1. Introduction

1.1

Safety instructions and emergency procedures

1.2

Facilities

1.3

Introduction

1.4

Scope and main learning objective

Ongoing assessment (participant assessment form)

1.5

1.6

Motivation

1.7

Human factors TOTAL

30 min.

Management of a first aid incident in a WTG environment

2. Lifesaving first aid using

2.1

primary survey and the first aid structure

2.2

Primary survey ‘’C’’- A - B - C

2.3

‘’C’’ – Catastrophic external bleeding

2.4

Unresponsive

2.5

Obstruction of airways

2.6

CPR – Unresponsive, not breathing

2.7

Bleeding and shock

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TOTAL

180 min.

3. Providing first aid to relevant incidents in the wind industry

3.1

Burns

3.2

Chemical contacts to the eye

Medical emergency situations heart attack & stroke

3.3

3.4

Hypothermia

3.5

Fractures

3.6

Head-to-toe examination TOTAL Scenario-based training TOTAL

60 min.

4. Scenario-based training

4.1

135 min.

5. Training review

5.1

Training review

5.2

Feedback session TOTAL

15 min.

GRAND TOTAL

420 min.

Table 7.5.1 – GWO First Aid Module timetable

7.6 Detailed Description of the First Aid Module LESSON 1 - INTRODUCTION TO THE TRAINING

30 min.

The aim of this lesson is for the participants to be motivated and to engage in the training safely at a training facility, while recognising what is expected of them during the training.

After having successfully completed this lesson, the participants can:

3) Recognise what is expected of them throughout the module (Knowledge, basic level)

4) Name and point out local emergency procedures and facilities (Knowledge, basic level)

5) Discuss the relevant human factors and explain their implications (Knowledge, intermediate level)

ELEMENT 1.1 - SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS AND EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

Learning objective:

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6) The participant shows interest or curiosity in the safety and emergency procedures at the training facility (Ability, basic level)

The instructor shall:

Explain and ask involving questions aiming at:

a. Safety instructions according to internal procedures

b. Emergency procedures and emergency exits in the areas where the participants can be expected to be located during the course

The participants shall:

Engage in answering questions on local safety and emergency procedures

ELEMENT 1.2 - FACILITIES

Learning objective:

7) The participant can recognise the location of facilities at the training location (Knowledge, basic level)

The instructor shall:

Present a general description of the facilities at the training location (administration, dining area, restrooms, toilets, etc.):

Alternative activity: lead a tour and point out facilities

The participants shall:

Note relevant facilities and ask questions when in doubt

ELEMENT 1.3 - INTRODUCTION

Learning objective:

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8) The participant shows interest in fellow participants and the course content and design (Ability, basic level)

The instructor shall:

Explain the timetable of the BST First Aid Module, including breaks and mealtimes

Give a short introduction to themselves, including their backgrounds as instructors

Ask for participants’ expectations of the training and their learning or development

The participants shall:

Give a short introduction to themselves, including job function and expected primary geographic work location and share expectations of the training

ELEMENT 1.4 - SCOPE AND MAIN LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Learning objective:

9) The participant can recognise the scope and main objectives of the BST First Aid Module (Knowledge, basic level)

The instructor shall:

Present the scope and main learning objectives of the BST First Aid Module through a scenario, a challenge or; “your goal with the basic First Aid Module, should you choose to accept is…”- message

A suggested learning activity could be to share stories, present scenarios or personal experiences that show the importance of being able to do basic first aid in the wind industry (what is in it for the participants) Where possible PowerPoint slide(s) should be avoided, as part of the introduction. Instead use stories, examples or personal experiences that shows the importance of being able to provide basic first aid in the wind industry and the importance of the BST First Aid Module

Note

Involve participants with questions on understanding and individual experiences on BST First Aid

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The participants shall:

Engage in answering questions and share experiences on BST First Aid

ELEMENT 1.5 - ONGOING ASSESSMENTS (PARTICIPANT PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT FORM)

Learning objective:

10) The participant can recognise the assessment procedure and the aim of the ongoing assessment (Knowledge, basic level)

The instructor shall:

Explain the reasons for the ongoing assessment

Explain the layout of the GWO participant performance assessment form and how it will be used

The participants shall:

Engage in discussions and (when in doubt) ask questions - relating to the assessment procedure

ELEMENT 1.6 - MOTIVATION

Learning objective:

11) The participant shows interest and willingness to engage in the learning activities (Ability, basic level)

The instructor shall:

Explain and lead a discussion on:

a. the importance of personal involvement in the course

b. the definition of and the need for BST First Aid training understandings and abilities

Positive motivation is the driving force for commitment, and the instructor should make a focused effort to support growth of the necessary attitude and motivation in the participants

Note

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The participants shall:

Engage in discussions and share experiences on BST First Aid training

When the participants succeed by trying out on their own, bring their relevant experience into play and apply learning points from the instructor’s feedback, the participant develops a positive attitude and responsibility towards the subject and the performance in the work situation

Note

ELEMENT 1.7 - HUMAN FACTORS

The aim of this element is to draw the participants’ attention to how human performance and taking responsibility influences a safe work environment, and to prepare for the continued focus on human factors during practical training and exercises.

Learning objectives:

12) The participant can describe human factors relevant to the wind industry (Knowledge, basic level)

13) The participant shows interest and willingness to focus on human factors during the following practical exercises (Ability, basic level)

The instructor shall:

Present how human factors influence accidents in the wind industry (relevant injury statistics should be referenced and presented from e.g. G+)

Lead a discussion about the role of the individual in improving human performance and how this can improve the safety of operations in the wind industry

Ensure that constructive feedback on the participant’s performance involve human factor criteria when these are defined in the learning objective such as the ability to take responsibility or to act independently

Facts and Human Factors Criteria:

How accidents in the wind industry are influenced by the consequences of human factors and may include the following terms and conditions:

attention and perception

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b. group behaviour and peer pressure weather conditions

weather delays noise levels

site layout and housekeeping fitness and health

e. domestic and work-related stress workload (both overload and underload) fatigue

time pressure and deadlines

alcohol, medication, and substance abuse

The participants shall:

Engage in discussions and share experiences on how human factors influence accidents in the wind industry, engage in and reflect on received feedback and take responsibility on their own performance and development during the training

LESSON 2 - LIFESAVING FIRST AID USING PRIMARY SURVEY AND THE FIRST AID STRUCTURE

180 min.

The aim of this lesson is to enable the participants to recognise signs and symptoms of life threating situations and save lives and preventing injury to the casualty by being able to use primary survey to provide the correct and effective lifesaving first aid in case of an emergency situation in the wind industry.

Additionally, this lesson is to enable the participants to manage an incident and call for help in a wind turbine environment and enable evacuation of the casualty(s) off the turbine in order to save lives.

After having successfully completed this lesson, the participant can:

14) Solve how to manage different first aid incidents in a WTG environment in terms of the approach and assessments made (Ability, basic level)

15) Act independently in providing lifesaving basic first aid by using primary survey to identify and treat life-threatening conditions in a prioritised order in a first aid incident in a WTG environment (Ability, intermediate level)

The mentioned life-threatening conditions include:

catastrophic external bleeding

obstruction of airways

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unresponsive casualty

unresponsive not breathing casualty

bleeding and shock

ELEMENT 2.1 - MANAGEMENT OF A FIRST AID INCIDENT IN A WTG ENVIRONMENT

Learning objective:

16) The participant can explain how safely manage a first aid incident in a WTG environment (Knowledge, intermediate level)

The instructor shall:

Explain and demonstrate example(s) of how to manage a first aid incident in a WTG environment:

a. how to follow an efficient and correct first aid structure

a.i to ensure personal safety, including the correct use of first aid equipment and PPE to minimise the risk of exposure to blood-borne and other potential pathogens

a.ii to ensure scene safety (including electrical hazards

a.iii providing lifesaving first aid using the primary survey

a.iv call for help

b. analysis and management of an incident call for help

call for help

Facilitate a learning activity for the participants such as leading a discussion, asking the participants scenario-based questions or share a questionnaire about how to safely manage a first aid incident in a WTG environment

The participants shall:

Engage in the learning activity and share understandings about how to safely manage a first aid incident in a WTG environment

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Element 2.1 may be carried out during as part of the practical training e.g. in the scenario- based training in Lesson 4

Note

ELEMENT 2.2 - PRIMARY SURVEY “C” A - B – C

Learning objectives:

17) The participant can name the steps in the primary survey “C”- A – B – C (Knowledge, basic level)

18) The participant can describe the purpose of doing a primary survey (Knowledge, basic level)

19) The participant can explain how to do a primary survey in incidents from the wind industry (Knowledge, intermediate level)

20) The participant can perform a correct primary survey in incidents (Skills, intermediate level)

The instructor shall:

Present primary survey “C” A-B-C and the purpose of the primary survey in patient assessment and treatment:

C – Catastrophic bleeding

A - Airway

B - Breathing

C - Circulation

Ask the participants involving questions about if they have any experiences with primary survey “C” A - B - C or lead discussions with the participants about the real-life challenges and benefits of primary survey “C” A - B – C

Explain and demonstrate how to use the Primary Survey (“C” A-B-C) in example(s) of incident(s) from the different incident types from the wind industry (see Lesson 3) including:

a. key signs of normal body functioning such as respiratory rate and capillary refill

b. how to spot threats to the nervous, respiratory, and circulatory systems

c. how a minor incident can escalate to a serious incident in a WTG environment and what to do prevent this

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Ask the participants to identify the similarities and differences between the examples of the primary survey shown:

what happened?

b. how did the basic first aider(s) act in the examples shown?

in those actions, which were the most important?

why were these key actions performed?

Facilitate participants’ practice in how to do a primary survey (“C” A-B-C) in incident(s). Provide a lot of support and guidance to the participants

Give constructive feedback to the participants’ performance throughout the activities of this element

The participants shall:

Engage in the learning activity and share understandings about:

a. the similarities and differences between the examples of the primary survey shown

the right way of doing a primary survey

Practice how to do a primary survey (“C” A-B-C) in incident(s)

Reflect on the received feedback and use the feedback to improve their performance

ELEMENT 2.3 - “C”- CATASTROPHIC EXTERNAL BLEEDING

Learning objectives:

21) The participant can explain how to control catastrophic external bleeding (Knowledge, intermediate level level)

22) The participant can explain the risk of and how to detect catastrophic external bleeding (Knowledge, intermediate level)

23) The participant can solve how to detect catastrophic external bleeding (Ability, basic level)

24) The participant can perform the correct treatment of a casualty with catastrophic external bleeding including the use of first aid equipment (Skills, intermediate level)

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The instructor shall:

Present how to control catastrophic external bleeding i.e. through the use of a torniquet, direct pressure and pressure dressings

Show example(s) of the threat of, and how to detect, catastrophic external bleeding

Lead discussions or ask the participants involving questions about:

how to control catastrophic external bleeding

b. the threat of, and how to detect, catastrophic external bleeding

Facilitate guided practice for the participants in detecting catastrophic external bleeding eg:

a. present examples of ‘bleeding’ casualties; some casualties with catastrophic external bleeding and some casualties that are bleeding, but not considered to be catastrophic external bleeding (e.g. examples of casualties with arterial bleed and examples of other casualties with venous bleed)

b. ask the participants to detect which are the casualties with catastrophic external bleeding and why

Demonstrate correct treatment of a casualty with catastrophic external bleeding including the use of first aid equipment:

direct pressure

pressure dressings

correct use of a tourniquet

d. use of improvised techniques to control catastrophic external bleeding e.g. improvised tourniquet

Facilitate practice for the correct treatment of a casualty with catastrophic external bleeding including the use of first aid equipment:

direct pressure and pressure dressings

b. correct use of a tourniquet and improvised tourniquet (two tourniquets may be required to control bleeding)

Give constructive feedback to the participants performance throughout the activities of this element

The participants shall:

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