Definition of Terms
Expected Progeny Differences (EPDs): the prediction of how future progeny of each animal are expected to perform relative to the progeny of other animals listed in the breed association’s database. EPDs are expressed in units of measure for the trait, plus or minus. Calving Ease Direct (CED): the average difference in ease with which a sire's calves will be born when he is bred to first-calf heifers Birth weight (BW): Pounds of birth weight Teat Size (Teat) , expressed in units of teat size score, with a higher EPD indicating a sire will produce daughters with smaller teat size compared to that of other sires' daughters. Udder Suspension (UDDR) , expressed in units of udder suspension score, with a higher EPD indicating a sire will produce daughters with tighter udder suspension compared to that of other sires' daughters. Functional Longevity (FL) , expressed in number of calves, is a predictor of the number of calves a sire's daughters are predicted to produce by 6 years of age compared to that of other sires' daughters. A higher EPD is the more favorable direction indicating more calves produced on average. Claw Set (Claw) , is expressed in units of claw-set score, with a lower EPD being more favorable indicating a sire will produce progeny with more ideal claw set. The ideal claw set is toes that are symmetrical, even and appropriately spaced. Foot Angle (Angle), is expressed in units of foot-angle score, with a lower EPD being more favorable indicating a sire will produce progeny with more ideal foot angle. The ideal is a 45-degree angle at the pastern joint with appropriate toe length and heel depth. Scrotal (SC) : Scrotal circumference measured in cm Marbling (MARB) : Marbling score Ribeye Area (REA) : Square inches of ribeye Weaning Weight (WW): Pounds of weaning weight Yearling Weight (YW): Pounds of yearling weight Milk: Pounds of weaning weight due to milk Maternal Weaned Calf Value ($M) , an index, expressed in dollars per head, predicts profitability differences from conception to weaning with the underlying breeding objective assuming that individuals retain their own replacement females within herd and sell the rest of the cull female and all male progeny as feeder calves. The model assumes commercial producers will replace 25% of their breeding females in the first generation and 20% of their breeding females in each subsequent generation. Traits included are as follows: calving ease direct, calving ease maternal, weaning weight, milk, heifer
pregnancy, teat size, udder suspension, functional longevity, docility, mature cow weight, claw set and foot angle. Weaned Calf Value ($W) : an index expressed in dollars per head, is the expected average difference in future progeny performance for pre-weaning merit. $W includes both revenue and cost adjustments associated with differences in birth weight, weaning direct growth, maternal milk, and mature cow size. Combined Value ($C) , an index, expressed in dollars per head, which includes all traits that make up both Maternal Weaned Calf Value ($M) and Beef Value ($B) with the objective that commercial producers will replace 20% of their breeding females per year with replacement heifers retained within their own herd. The remaining cull heifer and steer progeny are then assumed to be sent to the feedlot where the producers retain ownership of those cattle and sell them on a quality-based carcass merit grid. Expected progeny differences (EPDs) directly influencing a combined index: calving ease direct (CED) and maternal (CEM), weaning weight (WW), yearling weight (YW), maternal milk (Milk), heifer pregnancy (HP), docility (DOC), mature cow weight (MW), foot angle (Angle), claw set (Claw), dry matter intake (DMI), marbling (Marb), carcass weight (CW), ribeye area (RE) and fat thickness (Fat). 205: Weaning weight adjusted to 205 days 205 R: Weaning weight ratio Weight per Day of Age (WDA): Actual weight/days of age YR: Yearling Ratio Average Daily Gain (ADG): Pounds gained per day on test All Purpose Index (API): Evaluates sires for use on the entire cow herd (bred to both Angus first-calf heifers and mature cows) with daughters retained and remaining heifers and steers put on feed and sold grade and yield. Terminal Index (TI): Evaluates sires for use on mature Angus cows with all offspring put on feed and sold grade and yield. Calving Interval: The average number of days between annual calving dates Homo Black: Bull will only sire black offspring when mated to black or non-dilutor red cows Hetero Black: Bull could sire red offspring when mated to red cows or black cows carrying the red gene Homo Polled: Bull will sire only polled offspring Hetero Polled: Bull could sire horned calves if mated to cows carrying the horn gene
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