Back to Table of Contents
whereas reverie (Bion, 1962a, p. 36) strictly designates the purposefully directed and induced state of mind of the analyst who ‘abandons memory and desire’ (Bion, 1967, p. 143)” (Grotstein 2005, p. 1063; original italics).
VII. DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONCEPT IN LATIN AMERICA
VII. A. Ángel Garma Ángel Garma set up an important psychoanalytic movement in Argentina, which, in turn, extended throughout Latin America. Born in Bilbao, Spain, he migrated to Argentina in 1938 during the Spanish Civil War (1936-39). In 1942, along with others, he founded the Argentine Psychoanalytic Association, of which he was president throughout different periods. In one of his earliest papers, “La Transferencia afectiva en el Psicoanálisis” [Affective Transference in Psychoanalysis], from 1931, he stressed the importance of making conscious within the psychoanalytic treatment the patient’s unconscious masochistic submission to the superego that he has transferred to the analyst. In the same year Garma had presented a paper to become member of the German Psychoanalytic Society, “Die Realität und das Es in der Schizophrenie” [Reality and the Id in Schizophrenia], which was published the following year in the Internationale Zeitschrift für Psychoanalyse (Garma, 1932). Later, Garma explored affective transferences in traumatic dreams (1946a), peptic ulcers and other psychosomatic conditions (1957), melancholia (1946b), and others. In all such conditions, he points to the paradoxical transferential underpinnings: although the patient unconsciously perceives that the behaviour of the libidinous object towards him is ‘bad’, he strives to maintain his object psychically and to remain on good affective terms with it. Traces of Garma’s thought can be found in the following authors: VII. B. Heinrich Racker Native of Poland, a candidate member of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society in training analysis with Jeanne Lampl-de Groot, Racker was forced by the Nazi anschluss to emigrate to Buenos Aires in 1939, where he began his training analysis with Ángel Garma. He then became very influential in development of psychoanalytic thought and practice in Latin America. Racker focused on what happened to the analyst in connection to the analysand during the analysis. Therefore, parallel to the dynamics of transference, he developed what he termed
1083
Made with FlippingBook - professional solution for displaying marketing and sales documents online