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projections, are the setting, the analytic stance of neutrality and the “reverie” function. Restricting the number of psychotic patients is a measure for protection as well. Because of the death drive, the analyst can become disorganized and lose her capacity to organize the time of the setting. Frustration raised by regression increases instinctual thanatic forces, as could be observed in members of families of people suffering from organic illnesses or disabling traumatisms. Teruel writes that it is an illusion to believe that analysts have vast reservoirs of Eros to protect them and neutralize their own thanatic aggressive components together with those projected into them via projective identification. Analysts are protected by the reinforcement of their suitable love bonds with people and with themselves, and by not moving towards manic grandiosity or omnipotence.
VI. D. URUGUAY – ORIGINS, DEATH AND SEXUALITY
VI. Da. Enrique Gratadoux In his paper “Un origen probable de la noción de pulsión” [A likely origin of the notion of drive] Enrique Gratadoux (1987) finds the root of the concept of the drive in the working through and enrichment of the model of the ‘normal processing of the physical tension’ in Freud’s “Draft E” (1894). Noting the importance of the somatic energy for the psychic life in the concept of drive, Gratadoux wonders when, why and how Freud started to study the subject. He offers partial answers: When? Around 1894. Why? Because he had to explain a hallucinatory pathological phenomenon: anxiety. How? Based on the assumption of the etiological connection between sexuality and anxiety, Freud subsequently needed to develop a model of the processing of endogenous excitation. Retrospectively reasoning this way, Gratadoux hopes to have established a clinical origin of the speculations that led to the model, which, in turn, resulted in the conceptualization of drive. If these considerations are valid, the drive would lose, in part, its mythical character, or at least, psychoanalysts would know something about the origins of the myth. VI. Db. Carlos Sopena Carlos Sopena , a member of both Psychoanalytic Association of Uruguay and Psychoanalytic Association of Madrid, in “Pulsión de muerte y sexualidad” [Death drive and sexuality] (2001), maps some revolutionary implications both for the theory and for the practice of psychoanalysis, caused by Freud’s introduction of the death drive. He develops the following propositions, coming from discernible Lacanian perspective: 1. The study of the drives must consider the level of structuring that the psychic apparatus has reached, since it is in the way that it flows through the apparatus that the drive will find ‘dams’ and will be bound and subordinate to the pleasure principle.
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