IPA Inter-Regional Encyclopedic Dictionary of Psychoanalysis

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transpersonal, and bioenergetic schools. He draws from the aspects of Freud’s work that go in this direction and introduces categories that were not addressed by Freudian metapsychology. Thinking of specific situations, that is, of an inquiry into a psyche that is situated rather than abstract, implies an approach of looking at psychic experience in its involvement in real life situations. Ruben Zukerfeld (2004, 2009) in his own work and in his collaborations with Zonis de Zukerfeld , has often referred to a version of ‘third topography’, which he defines as a “graphic metaphorical representation of heterogeneity and the coexistence of unconscious modes of functioning with a representational and non-representational structure, which constitutes the metapsychological perspective of multiple memory systems that operate simultaneously.” Reviewing psychoanalytic ideas on the early psyche that were developed in the last decades, this author (Zukerfeld 2009) sets forth the concept of tertiary processes. He states in this regard that a ‘radical unconscious heterogeneity’ is present from the start; almost all post-Freudian thinkers, claims Zukerfeld, speak about different modes of unconscious processing. Bion alludes to beta elements and a beta-screen ‘as an unintegrated agglomeration and nameless terror’. Winnicott refers to the fear of breakdown ‘as a sign-trace that could not be symbolized’. Lacan points to ‘the Real as being outside language and inaccessible to symbolization’. Zukerfeld also includes in this category Piera Castoriadis-Aulagnier’s (1975) notions of ‘the originary’ and ‘pictogram’; Joyce McDougall’s (1991) ‘theater of the impossible’ and archaic hysteria; M’Uzan’s (1978/1994) ‘essential splitting’; Pierre Marty’s (1990) ‘parallel dynamisms’; André Missenard’s (1990) concept of ‘unrepresentable’; Guy Rosolato’s (1978) notion of ‘the unknown and unknowable’; Kaës’s (1976) idea of the archaic and of ‘radical negativity’; Roussillon’s (2004a,b) concept of ‘pre-repression unconscious’; Césare Botella’s (2005) delegation of the ‘non-figurable’ and the ‘psychic beyond-country’; Green’s (1998) ideas of ‘the pre-psychic’, ‘the work of the negative’, and splitting; JulioAragonés’s (1999) notion of ‘the double immortal’; Norberto Marucco’s (2007) ‘ungovernable traces’; Christophe Dejours’ (1991) ‘primary unconscious’; and H. Bleichmar’s (1997) ‘originary unconscious’. Carlos Nemirovsky (1993, 2007, 2008, 2011, 2018) aims to articulate theories of drive/defense (essentially Freudian and Kleinian developments) with the principles of relational theory based on Mitchell. Nemirovsky (2017, 2018) developed the concept of edition in psychoanalysis as the mechanism whereby it is possible to create psyche based on the meeting between two subjects, one who is willing to trust, and another who is available to respond with a specific action. Such a meeting may generate a hitherto non-existent (neo)formation of psyche. This notion differs from that of Jaime Lutenberg (1995), who, based on Bion’s ideas, defines edition as giving rise to the mental birth of facets of the analysand’s personality that were never conscious or unconscious because they remained outside the dynamic region of the mind – sectors of the personality that, due to the splitting of the ego and a secondary defense added to it, remained engulfed in symbiotic bonds or embedded inside the personality. For Nemirovsky (2018), the structure generated by the encounter was not previously present in the psyche. It lacked existence, for the subject had not had the experience that he or

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