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Psicoanalíticas . Their paper “La teoría del vínculo y la perspectiva relacional en psicoanálisis” [Link theory and the relational perspective in psychoanalysis] (Tubert 2016), is published on their blog. In Uruguay, Colombia, Panama, Honduras, and Guatemala, incipient intersubjective developments based on Winnicott’s ideas, are starting to spread. Overall, Latin American psychoanalysts have moved away from the Freudian and Kleinian traditions that were dominant a few decades ago. Lacanian thought is to a certain extent predominant, especially in academia. However, many psychoanalysts who identify with various theoretical lines of thought, work with their patients in a way which is, in terms of attitude, very close to the practice of a relational / intersubjective analyst. Local analysts don’t, in general, reference the bibliography of the standard authors in the relational / intersubjective field, but they approach the patient in a way which, looking at its characteristics, can be considered to be intersubjective. Empathy as a tool and the attitude of an appreciation of the participative dialogue are prevalent in the region’s clinical practice. This method of working implies a great commitment on the part of the professional in the analytic process, one which prioritises the subjective experience. Furthermore, the need to relate this experience with the cultural contexts in which the members of the therapeutic couple find themselves is highlighted. Gradually, in Latin America, the idea of the shared construction of the experience is developing, advancing thus yet another of the core concepts of relational / intersubjective thought, applied to the clinical encounter. Many Latin American contributions to intersubjectivity may be found in articles published by Psicoterapiarelacional and Aperturas Psicoanalíticas , both online journals published in Spain.
IV. INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES: NEUROBIOLOGICAL UNDERPINNINGS OF INTERSUBJECTIVITY
In the neurobiological literature of the last 30 years, the right hemisphere has been found to be dominant for subjective emotional experiences (Amanniti 1996, 2009; Wittling, 1997; Schore, 1999, 2003, 2010). In this context, the ‘ interactive transfer of affect between the right brains ’ of the members of the mother-infant and therapeutic dyads is designated as ‘intersubjectivity’ (Schore 2010). Studies of psychobiological intersubjectivity – studies of parent-child relationship by Ruth Feldman (2007), in the area synchronicity of biological rhythms, e.g. synchronized heart beat, shared time perspective; also, studies of synchronized levels of cortisol with the babies of depressed or emotionally labile mothers, may be especially relevant. A distinction is made between two modes of ‘ intersubjective connections’ : A more immediate mode connected to the neuronal mirror system , which is activated when one person
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