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representative processes lead to difficulties in symbolization, and compromise the possibility of making the experience communicable. Therefore, these patients ‘of a wider range’ express themselves in terms of restlessness and psychomotor discharge. In such cases, the images that emerge to the analyst, as well as the words, although insufficient in their symbolic content, can become an adequate tool of understanding. V. Db. When for the Analyst the Free Association is no Longer a Fundamental Tool As specified in great detail in North American and French European sections above, due to the widening of scope of patient population, many theoretical approaches developed which are marked by their qualified use of free association, or extending the model of free association itself.. Analogically, in current Latin American psychoanalysis, the way of working with such patients has been modified: With the French approaches and North American Post- Bionian approaches being prominently influential, the focus is no longer only on the patient, but much more attention is paid to what the analyst perceives about the patient, as emphasized by Green. Another influential conceptualization in this vein is North American Ogden’s “ reverie ”, which specifies how the analyst experiences the patient ‘from inside’ of his own internal world, what he feels when he is with him, when he listens to him, what the patient ‘makes the analyst feel and sense’, even at a psychosomatic level, and what he evokes/provokes in him.
VI.THE USE OF FREE ASSOCIATION OUTSIDE OF THE THERAPEUTIC CONTEXT
Björn Salomonsson's (2012) method, used to reflect associatively on clinical material presented in a group setting, is becoming only gradually known across the three regions. Indirect descendant of ‘Balint’s Groups’ (Balint and Balint 1976/77) where medical practitioners discussed their countertransference, free associating to each other’s material, Swedish Salomonsson’s proposal consists of reading clinical material in a group of psychoanalysts and then asking one of the participants to associate freely, as if he were on the couch; the author calls this method "weaving thoughts", which stimulates thinking while in a state of uncertainty. The author does not advise practicing it on beginner candidates, as this procedure combines psychoanalytic technique with teaching and research. This combination may cause confusion in younger candidates who may feel exposed or in wild analysis, as it is a non-therapeutic context. Similar methods of group peer clinical consultation of senior analysts, relying in part on free association of the participants, have been employed for decades in the North American Center for Advanced Psychoanalytic Studies (CAPS) since its founding in 1960.
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