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perceived, where no ‘mental mobilization’ and mental processing in light of new experiences takes place. René Roussillon’s (1999b) work with the image (figure) as a first form of representation, facilitates the transition towards the word, in order to open a space for further emotional development. As stated in the European section above in detail, Roussillon employs the work of figurability in the analysis of children and adults alike as a conceptual expansion/extension of free association, with the aim of expanding representational range, rendering an act and/or an image of it intelligible, accessible to further psychic elaboration. Similarly, César and Sára Botella’s (1983) work with ‘figurability’ as a basic psychic process, where an action and its image precedes thought and word representation is influential in Latin American psychoanalysis of patients with deficiencies in symbolic processes. According to these authors, such a work may need to take place in the analyst. It may involve regression to the primary process visual symbolism, arriving at an image (figure), consolidating the fragments of the patient’s archaic experiences which were registered and inscribed but not represented or (consciously or unconsciously) symbolized. The work involves transformation of ‘memory without recollection’, from fragments of the psychosomatic registers towards their visual symbolization in dreams and articulation in thoughts/words, generating linking and continuity of the patient’s psychic life. As Lapacó and Laverde (2012) assert, such influences have been absorbed into the Latin American psychoanalysis, and further developed, recognizing the importance of non- interpretative technical tools that the analyst can use in order to communicate with the psychic depths of the patient, and initiate changes in psychic sectors where the register is the ‘mental non-register’ (i.e., a kind of non-symbolic register outside of word-presentations). This is especially relevant while working with patients, whose failures in psychic representative processes lead to difficulties in symbolization, and compromise the possibility of making the experience communicable. Therefore, these patients ‘of a wider range’ express themselves in terms of restlessness and psychomotor discharge. In such cases, the images and words that emerge in the analyst’s mind, can become an additional tool of understanding and advancing the development of symbolization and representation, which in turn furthers verbal associative process.. V. Db. When the Free Association is no Longer a Fundamental Tool As specified in great detail in North American and French European sections above, due to the widening of scope of patient population, many theoretical approaches developed which are marked by their qualified use of free association, or extending the model of free association itself. Analogically, in current Latin American psychoanalysis, the way of working with such patients has been modified: With the French approaches and North American Post- Bionian approaches being prominently influential, the focus is no longer only on the patient, but much more attention is paid to what the analyst perceives about the patient, as emphasized by Green. Another influential conceptualization is North American Ogden’s “ reverie ”, which
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