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zones and functions, are treated as independent entities, as belonging to, or under the domination of Another” (McDougall 1980, p.419).
IV. USAGE OF THE CONCEPT IN LATIN AMERICA
In Latin America, many enriching contributions in the areas of consequences of psychic conflict , both in the structuring of the psychic apparatus, clinical manifestations and the theory of technique present creative syntheses of Freud, Klein, Bion, and non-Lacanian French Authors., especially Laplanche, Green, Aulagnier, and McDougall. Although a conflict is discernible in Pichon Riviere’s Perceptual Operational Referential Scheme (ECRO), Racker’s theory of Concordant and Complementary Countertransference, and Lieberman’s Theory of Communication (Borensztejn 2014), the most relevant examples of Latin American authors’ thinking on conflict may be illustrated in the contributions of Angel Garma, Arnaldo Rascovsky, Maurice Abadi, and Norberto Carlos Marucco. . IV. A. Ángel Garma For Ángel Garma , the main conflict takes place between the Ego and the Superego; he follows in this conceptualization the idea held by Freud in “The Ego and the Id” whereby the severity of the neurosis is proportional to the severity of the superego. Moreover, if sleep is the model of the constitution of every transaction, a modification in the conception of the form of production thereof will necessarily have repercussions in the mechanism of the epigenetic theory of the symptomatology. Garma redraws the mode of ‘conformation’ of the dreams, from the structural theory point of view. In the situation of sleeping, the ego regresses and, as a consequence of that, the censorship is relaxed, which in the daytime life used to keep the contents of the Id unconscious, which can now be expressed with fewer inhibitions. This gives rise to a situation that is equivalent to trauma: An Ego with a symbolic deficit is confronted with highly charged (cathected) and distressing contents, such as the primal scene, anguish of castration, parricide, etc. Faced with such a state of affairs, the dreamer’s ego can only cover up said contents, appealing to the defense mechanisms. One of the modes of deformation is the fulfillment of desires. (1978, pp. 71-78). Every dream turns out to be, thus, a “masked nightmare” (in: Raskovsky de Salvarezza 1974, p. 142). Previously, Garma reviewed and posited a reversal of some of Freud’s conceptualization on dreams and hallucinatory processes, in relation to trauma and reality testing (Garma, 1946, 1966, 1969). He concluded: “It must be clearly understood
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