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Jorge García Badaracco (1986) presented “Identification and its vicissitudes in psychoses: the importance of the concept of ‘maddening object’” at the 1985 IPA Congress, part of which is an articulation of the relationship between his own original contribution of ‘Maddening object’ (See entry OBJECT RELATIONS THEORIES) and the conceptualizations of the Self of Winnicott and Kohut. Following his 1979 “La psicología psicoanalítica del self” (“Psychoanalytical Self Psychology”), which reviewed Kohut´s ideas regarding Self development, pathology and clinical manifestations in narcissistic personality disorders, Juan Miguel Hoffmann’s (1989) “La teoría del self como posible nexo entre investigación empírica y clínica psicoanalítica” (The theory of the self as a possible link between empirical research and psychoanalytic clinic) initiated psychoanalytic empirical research into the concept of Self. In the early 1990´s, a group of Argentine psychoanalysts, coordinated by Ethel Cayssials de Casarino and Marcelo Casarino , scholars of the work of Kohut, developed seminars on research and study of the Self, and published four yearbooks starting in1995. Among them were “Why a Psychology of the Self?” by Marcelo Casarino (1995), and “The Self and the Person in the thought of Heinz Kohut”, by Ethel Cayssials de Casarino (1996). In 1997 Paul and Anna Ornstein visited Buenos Aires and offered conferences whose transcriptions are also included in one of the mentioned yearbooks (Ornstein, P., 1998; Ornstein, A. 1998). This development closely followed already published clinical application of Kohut’s self psychology to the treatment of severe pathologies (Raggio 1992). In 1999, Guillermo Lancelle edited the book, “El self en la teoría y en la práctica” (“Self in theory and practice”), dealing with, among other topics, countertransference, empathy, narcissism, interpretation and anxiety, adolescence and negative therapeutic reaction. The publication included Argentine (Arendar, R; Cayssials de Casarino, E; Hoffman, J; Ortiz Frágola, A; Paz, M A) and North American (Brandchaft, B; Goldberg, A; Tolpin, P; Wallerstein, R and Wolf, E ) authors, and Lancelle’s own article “Self, clinical finding and conceptual need” (Lancelle, 1999). Guillermo Montero (2005) described in detail fifteen models of Self. According to this author, most detailed self models involve a psychic functioning in which the evolutionary processes are intimately connected. In this sense, several models of self are ‘psycho- evolutionary’ models. Montero proposes classifying these models into four groups: 1) A model of self as sub-system of “I ”. The line of theoretical development that starts with Hartmann, continues with Erikson, Lichtenstein, Mahler and Jacobson, until it becomes consolidated in Kernberg’s thought. 2) A model of self-person . A line of theoretical development involving a subdivision into two lines: The first is the line that starts from Fairbairn, and reaches Winnicott and Guntrip. The second is the synthesis of Kernberg, Kohut and Winnicott carried out by Masterson / Rinsley. These models rank the achievement of a personal integration that surpasses the structural organization as a model of health.
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