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relationship) and the intrapsychic (what goes on in patients’ minds), the concept of projective identification is fundamental. Based on his research and clinical work, he believes that it is “within the relationship between two individuals that the affects find a field to manifest themselves, and that the affects impart their strength to each and every meaning. This is how the word fulfils its potential” (Avzaradel 2024, p. 1037).
VIII. INTER-DISCIPLINARY STUDIES
VIII. A. Pre-Representational and Early Representational World in Infant Research & Developmental Neuroscience A radical intuition of Freud’s (1915c) that all mental processes originate in the unconscious and that unconscious process precedes all conscious thought and feeling is now a basic assumption of cognitive and affective developmental neuroscience, and neuropsychoanalysis. VIII. Aa. Infant Research Following the classical conceptualizations and research on Attachment and Separation– Individuation theory (Bowlby 1958, 1969, 1988; Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters, & Wall, 1978; Mahler, Pine, & Bergman, 1975), conceptualizations emerging out of the next generation of developmental-psychoanalytic research (Beebe 2000; Beebe, Jaffe, Lachmann, Feldstein, Crown, & Jasnow, 2000; Fonagy, Gergely, Jurist & Target, 2002; George, Kaplan, & Main, 1985–1996; Harpaz-Rotem & Bergman, 2006; Steele, 2010; Stern, 1985; Stern et al., 1998; Tronick, 2002), the trend was toward longitudinal studies and the dynamic processes underlying behavior. Internalization, representation and mutual affective regulation (Tronick, 2002; Field, 1995) were inferred from closely monitored infant and caregiver interactional matrixes of the partner’s gaze, facial expression, touch, and vocal rhythm and cadence, together with verbal narratives (Beebe, Jaffe, Lachmann, Feldstein, Crown, & Jasnow, 2000; Cohen & Beebe, 2002). Longitudinal studies by Toth, Cicchetti, Rogosch, and Sturge-Apple (2009) examining the relationship between maternal depression, children’s attachment security, and representational development , found that early negative representations of parents and of the self are carried forward over the course of development and are likely transmitted intergenerationally .
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