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VII. Ab. Fidias Cesio Taking his adhesion to the Freudian thought, to which he contributes with his own developments, as a starting point, Fidias Cesio examines two definitions of transference: the one given in “The interpretation of dreams” (1900) refers to the transference stemming from the unconscious ideas being transferred to preconscious representations; the other, put forward in the case of Dora (1905), refers to the transference to the person of the analyst, which according to Freud: “(...) are new editions or facsimiles of the impulses and fantasies which are aroused and made conscious during the progress of the analysis; but they have this peculiarity, which is characteristic for their species, that they replace some earlier person by the person of the physician. To put it another way: a whole series of psychological experiences are revived, not as belonging to the past, but as applying to the person of the physician at the present moment” (Freud 1905, p. 116). The first version of transference is the one found in the discourse of the analysand, the rule of free association, which, thanks to the particular analytic way of listening, says a lot more than would appear at the manifest level: in our capacity as analysts we hear the latent discourse in the words that the analysand chooses, in the same way as in the dream the repressed idea is transformed and represented by images; thoughts of a more primitive nature. Cesio gives particular emphasis to countertransference, which reveals the full contribution made by the analyst, who forms with the analysand an indissoluble pair in the process developed within the session. Both members are included in an abstinent setting, without which the analytic session could not take place. Both the transference and the countertransference threaten to become resistances to the cure – as they themselves are indeed resistances – unless they are made conscious and, therefore, become essential tools in the analysis. Cesio emphasised the concept of the ‘actual’ and made his own contributions to it (Cesio, 2010). Cesio considers the session from the perspective of the theory of dreams and, therefore, the analyst acts as a day’s residue: on sharing the traits of the recent and the insignificant, he can adequately receive the patients’ transference of his internal objects. The way he hears gives the patient’s words the significance of ‘free association’. By means of intrapsychic transference, those words show the emotional experience that is taking place in the session. The abstinence in which the analysis develops tacitly includes a prohibition against any direct sexual activity, which thus becomes taboo, that is, incestuous. As the analysis progresses, a series of mental experiences appear, which are characterised by their ‘actuality’, their timelessness, they constitute an eternal present, a ‘now’ that peremptorily demands impossible satisfaction. The analyst takes the place of the superego – the parental couple – and the incestuous currents that were repressed now find expression in the patient’s unconscious relationship with the analyst, shaping the fundamental transferences.
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