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In her article "The helplessness of loss of love: regarding absence of love in childhood” (2018), she describes depression in childhood based on psychic helplessness. She states that: "at a given moment, it is difficult to count on the capacity to symbolize (-referring to- thought, verbalization)" (p. 23). In this same paper, (ibid.), she highlights the importance of "the symbolic function exercised by the mother” (p. 12). V. Bf. Marcelo Viñar (Uruguay) Marcelo Viñar (1007) has enriched his psychoanalytic knowledge with his deep understanding of the human being in various areas. He has made two central contributions to the topic of symbolization. The first one – a theroretical contribution – states that symbolizing has to do with the creation favoured by absence and loss; between perception and knowledge there is an interval that orders the data of what is perceived and creates meanings, not only with material reality but also with the realities created by symbols. Viñar considers the ability to build and rebuild something that is not there, and transform it into something that is actually present in consciousness as definitory of human nature. He also specifies the difference between the achieved symbolization and the use of symbolic equation (2007, p. 78-79). While the symbol transforms the object; the symbolic equation reiterates it, and does not escape its concrete existence. In the interval between subject and symbol, there is a creation; in the symbolic equation, on the other hand there is condensation and a coincidence. His second contribution presents a technical modification regarding the beginning of the analysis of patients with failures in symbolization. He studied borderline adolescents in particular, to whom language does not have a communicative value, making it difficult to contact them since they do not seek dialogue, nor do they respond to it. Instead, language is used to evacuate. In these cases, the analyst's work does not consist in diminishing the interval between the latent and the manifest, but moving from the inchoate, the irrepresentable to primary forms of proto-representation. Here, the analyst aims to create transitional spaces – in Winnicott’s terms – instead of resorting to classical interpretation. Viñar calls this approach the ethnologist’s work, as the analyst has to study the unknown, discover it, and so, co-create meanings with his patients. V. Bg. Victor Guerra (Uruguay) In his paper: “Rhythm, gaze, word, and play: threads that dance in the symbolization process” (2014), Guerra states that the symbolization process is fundamental for the human being to become a subject. It has a foundational basis in the presence-absence dialectic, highlighting each of the three elements: the presence, the hyphen, and the absence. An initial presence of the other is required – with its erogenous drive development, he says – so that its absence can be tolerated through the work of re-presentation: "to make it present again on the psychic stage... when it is perceptually absent" (p. 74). He considers the hyphen in the presence-
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