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V Bf. Marcelo Viñar (Uruguay) Marcelo Viñar (2007) has made two central contributions to the topic of symbolization. The first one - a theroretical contribution - states that symbolizing has to do with the creation favoured by absence and loss; between perception and knowledge there is an interval that orders the data of what is perceived and creates meanings, not only with material reality but also with the realities created by symbols. Viñar considers the ability to build and rebuild something that is not there, and transform it into something that is actually present in consciousness as definitory of human nature. He also specifies the difference between the achieved symbolization and the use of symbolic equation (2007, p. 78-79). While the symbol transforms the object; the symbolic equation reiterates it, and does not escape its concrete existence. In the interval between subject and symbol, there is a creation; in the symbolic equation, on the other hand there is condensation and a coincidence. His second contribution presents a technical modification regarding the beginning of the analysis of patients with failures in symbolization. Viñar studied specifically borderline adolescents, to whom language does not have a communicative value, making it difficult to contact them since they do not seek dialogue, nor do they respond to offers of talk. Instead, language is used to evacuate (the words are treated as feces). In these cases, the analyst's work does not consist in diminishing the interval between the latent and the manifest, but moving from the inchoate, the irrepresentable to primary forms of proto-representation. Here, the analyst aims to create in Winnicott’s terms—an intermediate area instead of resorting to classical interpretation. Viñar compares this approach to the ethnologist’s work, as the analyst has to study the unknown, discover it, and so, co-create meanings with his patients. V Bg. Victor Guerra (Uruguay) In his paper “Ritmo, mirada, palabra y juego: hilos que danzan en el proceso desimbolización” [“Rhythm, gaze, word, and play: threads that dance in the symbolization process“] Guerra (2014) states that the symbolization process is fundamental for the human being to become a subject. It has a foundational basis in the presence-absence dialectic, consisting of the three elements: the presence, the hyphen, and the absence. An initial presence of the other is required – with erogenous drive development, he says – so that the absence can be tolerated through the work of re-presentation: "to make the other present again on the psychic stage [...] when she/he is perceptually absent" (p. 74). He considers the hyphen in the presence-absence dialectic to be paradoxal: to the extent that it unites and separates at the same time, it “is located” in between. Rhythm plays a key role in the dialectic between the baby and the person who seeks to get closer to him. There is “an encounter of gaze, voice, body, movement”…. “bringing together rhythmic elements that sensibly guide the encounter and its challenges (p. 79). Rhythm includes the predictable and also the unpredictable, the surprising phenomena; in other words,
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