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V. C. Proposal of the Synthetic Multi-Theoretical Model of Symbolization
V. Ca. Theoretical Considerations Multiplicity of concepts and theories, coming together in Latin American multi- theoretical formulation of Symbolization includes complementary as well as contradictory lines of conceptualization. V Caa. Conceptual considerations Freud rarely used the term ‘symbolization’ and always referred to the symbol or the symbolic, without establishing a conceptual difference between these terms. The use of the term symbolization was more of a stylistic resource, which did not imply a conceptual difference. In psychoanalytic literature, the prevailing use of the term symbol continued to be used without clearly distinguishing it from the term symbolization. To Freud, the origin of the symbol, of the symbolic, was mainly inherited. Klein, on the other hand, bases symbol formation on projective-introjective processes: once the bad is projected onto an object that becomes persecutory, it must be displaced from this object to another. For her, this displacement is the essence of symbol creation. Consequently, the hatred projected on the object –originated in the death drive– is the pillar of symbolization according to Klein. Based on Klein, Segal contributed to the understanding of symbolization with the concept of symbolic equation : the object does not represent the object; the object is the object. This psychic phenomenon is observed when there are failures in the symbolization process. Among Bion' s multiple contributions that have served as a basis for understanding symbolization, his theory regarding the transforming of beta elements into alpha elements, within the early mother-baby relationships, is of great significance. This theory was later used by Ruggero Levy in his descriptions of early symbolization failures (non-symbols) and the destruction of already constructed symbols (de-symbolization). Winnicott extensively worked on nodal concepts useful to understand successful symbolization processes, the most important being his conceptualization of intermediate space. This is a crucial contribution to the subsequent developments of Green and Rousillon. Lacan’ s contributions to symbolization are the description of the mirror phase in early development and the theory of the symbolic order, one of the three areas of the psychic world. The symbolic order is the a cultural organization into which a child is born. Green highlights the importance of the symbolizing relationship with the mother, and its possible flaws like object bi-triangulation. His most important contribution on this topic is the symbolizing function of the analyst, always necessary but especially in the analysis of non-
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