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concept of epigenesist (successive formation of entirely new structures) throughout the life span of the relations of self with other, Anna Freud’s (1963) developmental lines, and others. Example of second generation of studies of developmental transformations of drive and affectivity, was the area of transformation of the traumatic anxiety into signal anxiety. This approach, pioneered by Schur (1955) and followed by number of contributors (Engel 1962, Schmaele 1964, Krystal 1974, 1985) postulates that affect precursors undergo epigenetic developmental transformation which includes de-somatization, differentiation and verbalization. As a result, affects become usable as signals. More recently, Jack Novick (1999), and Kerry K. Novick and Jack Novick (1991, 1992, 1994, 2001) examine the multifaceted relationship between trauma, memory, Nachträglichkeit/deferred action in view of post-oedipal developments of latency and adolescence, with resultant re-formulations of Nachträglichkeit as ‘the past transforms and is transformed by the present’, where each phase brings something unique to the mix, which may compensate for earlier difficulties or raise prior dormant issues to traumatic intensity (J. Novick and K. Novick 2001). In view of these authors, the concept of developmental transformation is to serve as a layered counterpoint to a view of adult memories of latency and adolescence having mainly a defensive screen function (Novick and Novick 1994). Similarly, Harold Blum (1994, 2008) revisits and updates Freud’s evolution of his views of trauma, memory, representational processes and pathogenesis, in the context of analytic reconstruction. Considering the complex temporal and causal issues involved in the transformation of meaning and function throughout development, he proposes the concept of Nachträglichkeit as an unrecognized precursor of the concept of developmental transformation. Focus on discontinuity of progressive organizations and reorganizations, yielding developmental transformations (A.Freud 1936, Neubauer 1996, 2003) of drive and affectivity and memory, object relations, ego and self, giving rise of various inner reorganizations of conflicts, compromise formations and unconscious fantasies (Brenner 1982, Kris 1988), has clinical implications in analytic work with widened scope of patient populations, where there is an acknowledgement of different paths to facilitate developmental transformation. Clinical interventions which can facilitate the dormant transformative capacity (Lament 2003, Olesker and Lament 2008), acting as a new platform for further growth (Olesker 2011) may include analytic construction (Freud 1937) and reconstruction of meaning of the memories, leading to reorganization that encompasses multiple self and object representations (Blum 1994, 2019). On a session-to-session minute-to-minute basis, such constructive and reconstructive work may necessitate ‘rolling’(i.e. ongoing, continuous) metaphoric interpretative translations- transformations, between, and of, different experiential domains, from pre-psychic pre- symbolic (action, somatosensory, visceral) modes of experience towards unconscious symbolism of dreams and finally preconscious symbolism of language, may constitute a meeting point with Bion’s as well as Green’s conceptualizations of transformation (Grotstein 2014, Green 2006, Papiasvili 2016, Papiasvili and Mayers 2017).
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