VIM Magazine_March_2024

VIM Magazine

20 24

ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ืช

ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆืช

ืคืชื— ื“ื‘ืจ

ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื 3.................................................................. ืคืชื— ื“ื‘ืจ - ืจืคื™ ืืœื•ืœ, ื™ื•"ืจ ืขืžื•ืชืช ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืืจื™ืกื•ืŸ

?VIMagazine ืžื” ื–ื” ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืขื™ืกืงื™, ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืืช ืฉืžื• ืžืžื•ื“ืœ VIM โ€“ Volunteer Impact Measurement ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ืœืžื“ื™ื“ืช ืชื•ืขืœืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืคื™ืชื—ื” 'ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื”' ื’ืื™ื ืœื”ืฉื™ืง ืืช ื”ื’ื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™!

7-4........... ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ื ืžืœื—ืžืช ื—ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจื–ืœ - ืงืจืŸ ืœื‘ื™ื, ืžื ื”ืœืช ืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืœืขืกืงื™ื

9-8.......................................................................................................................................... ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื•ื ืชื•ื ื™ื

13-10.......................................................................................................... ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ื -

CBC

17-14........................................... ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืขื ืขื™ื“ื• ืฉื™ื ื‘ืจื’ืจ-ื–ื™ื• - ื—ื‘ืจืช ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกื•ืคื˜ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื—

19-18........................................................ ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืขื ืื•ืฉืจืช ืงืื•ืคืžืŸ ื•ืื•ืจื™ืืœ ืจื™ื™ืš - ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ืจ ืื™ืœืŸ

ืจืคื™ ืืœื•ืœ ื™ื•ืดืจ ืขืžื•ืชืช ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืืจื™ืกื•ืŸ ื” ืืกื•ืŸ ืฉืคืงื“ ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ืขื” ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ ื™ื™ืฉืืจ ื—ืงื•ืง ื‘ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ื ื ื• ื•ื‘ื“ืคื™ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”. ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ื›ืžื• ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ื›ื•ืœื ืžืชื’ื™ื™ืกื™ื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืœืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ื™ื ืื• ืœืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื”"ืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื". ืจื•ื— ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืกืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืจืฃ ื•ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื–ื™ืช ื™ื—ื“. ื’ื ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืขืžื•ืชืช ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืืจื™ืกื•ืŸ, ื”ืžืฉื›ื ื• ื‘ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœื ื•- ื‘ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื’ื ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ืžืฉื‘ืจ- ืœื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื”ื. ืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืœืขืกืงื™ื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื•ืœืคืชื— ืืช ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžื‘ื™ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื•ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ืขืกืงื™ืช ื”ื’ืœื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžื“ื™ื“ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ื˜ื— ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ืžืฉื‘ืจ. ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืžื—ื–ืงืช ืืช ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœืขืกืง ; ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉื ื” ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ืช ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”, ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ื‘ืงืฉื• ืœืฆืืช ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘, ืœืžืฆื•ื

23-20......................... ื”ืื ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืช ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืฉืจ ืฉืœื ื•? ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืขื ืืกืชืจ ื–ื™ื›ืœื™ื ืกืงื™

26-24............ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืขื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืช - ืขื™ื“ื• ืœื•ื˜ืŸ, ืžื ื›"ืœ ืขืžื•ืชืช ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืืจื™ืกื•ืŸ

29-28.............................................................. ื’'ืกื™ โ€“ ืฉื™ื—ื” ืขื ืžื™ืงื™ ืฉื™ืœื™ื ื’ืจ, ื™ื•"ืจ ืขืžื•ืชืช ื’'ืกื™ ื›ื”ืŸ

GETT

ืงืฉืจื™ื ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื”, ื‘ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื ืฉื™ืžื”, ืื ื• ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ืžืื’ืจ ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื•ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื’ื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ื•ืœืขืžื•ืชื•ืช- ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืืจื™ืกื•ืŸ ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืขืžื™ืง ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืฉื ืชื™ืช ื•ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ืขืดื™ ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ืฉื ืชื™ ื•ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื•ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืช. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืื ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืžืกืคืจ ื™ื•ื–ืžื•ืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื’ื–ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ืคืจื™ืกื” ืืจืฆื™ืช ื•ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ื™ื“ืข ื•ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื—ื‘ ืื ื• ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืขื ื™ื ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช. ื”ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื” ืงืจื ืขื•ืจ ื•ื’ื™ื“ื™ื ื˜ืจื ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืคื•ื’ืฉ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืžืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื™ืจื•ื ื•ื’ื ืžื”ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ: ื›ืžื• ืœืžืฉืœ, ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืืงืœื™ื, ืขืกืงื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืœืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืชื™ืช ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืžื–ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.

32-30. ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืžืขืŸ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ - ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช, ื•ื ื˜ืขืช, ื—ื•ืคืฉ ืกื“ื ืื•ืช ื•ื’ื™ื ื•ืช ืงื”ื™ืœื”

35-34............................................................................................................. ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืขื ืฉื™ ื‘ื›ืจ - ื—ื‘ืจืช ื‘ื–ืง

39-36........................................ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืขื ืขืกืงื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื โ€“ ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืชื•ืง, ืกืœื™ืžื” ื•ืขืฆื™ืฅ ื˜ืจื™

41-40............................ ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื’ื–ืจื™ื™ื - ืงืจืŸ ืœื‘ื™ื, ืžื ื”ืœืช ืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืœืขืกืงื™ื

43-42..................................................................................2024 ืขืกืงื™ื ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ืžืขืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื

ืขืžื•ืชืช ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืืจื™ืกื•ืŸ ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ื•ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื. ืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืœืขืกืงื™ื ืžืชืžื—ื” ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ื•ืช, ืืฉืจ ืžื—ืคืฉื•ืช ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื”. ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืžืื’ืจ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื ื•, ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืขืžื•ืชืช ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืืจื™ืกื•ืŸ, ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืœื›ืœ ืื“ื, ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื•ืฆื•ื•ืช ืžืžืงื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืืช ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœืชืช ืžืขื ื” ืœืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ื•ืœืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ.

ืžืื—ืœ ืœื›ื ืงืจื™ืื” ื ืขื™ืžื”, ื•ืžืงื•ื•ื” ื›ื™ ื”ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ ื™ืขื•ืจืจ ื”ืฉืจืื” ื•ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื” ืœื”ืขืžื™ืง ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืืจื’ื•ื ื›ื.

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ืžืœื—ืžืช ื—ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ื

ื ื–ืงืงื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืœืขืฆืžื, ื ื•ืชืจื• ืœืœื ืžืขื ื”. ืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืคื ื™ื•ืช ืžืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืงื™ 30,000 ืœืขื–ืจื” ื‘ื”ืฉื’ืช ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ื. ืœืฉืžื—ืชื ื• ืœืื—ืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ, ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืงื™ ื”ืžื™ื ื—ื–ืจื• ืœืžื“ืคื™ื. ื›ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื”ื—ืœื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืžื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืœืกื™ื•ืข ื‘ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืœืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช, ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ื’ื” ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื- ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื, ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ืจื”, ื˜ืื‘ืœื˜ื™ื ื•ืขื•ื“. ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื”ืขืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืžื•ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ื•ืช ื•ืฉืžื—ื ื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืื ื• ื ืขื ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืœื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ื”ืกื™ื•ืข. ื”ื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืกื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืจื’ืฉืช ืžืื•ื“ ืžื˜ืขื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื”ืŸ. ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉืขืœืชื” ืœื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื•ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ืฉืœ ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืกื™ื•ืข ืœืžืฉืงื™ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื, ืฉื—ืœืงื ื ื”ืจืกื• ืขืงื‘ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื•ื—ืœืงื ืื™ื‘ื“ื• ื›ื— ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื”ื•ืชื™. ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื‘ื•ืงืฉืช ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ื•ืช- ื•ืืœืคื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ืฆืื• ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ ื‘ืฉื˜ื—, ืขืœ ืืฃ ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืฉืœืจื•ื‘ ืื™ืŸ ืื–ื•ืจ ืžื•ื’ืŸ, ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ื”ื—ืงืœืื™. ืขืžื•ืชืช ืœืงื˜ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ืฉื•ืžืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืžืขืจืš ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืžืจืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื•. ื•ื’ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉืžื—ื ื• ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ืœืžืฉืงื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื, ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ืฉื ืคื’ืขื• ืžื”ืžืฆื‘. ื›ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืœื—ื™ืžื” ื”ื•ืฆืคื ื• ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืžืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขืกืงื™ื ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ ืขื ื•ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืคื•ื ื™ื. ืืœืฃ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืคื•ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ืชื, ื—ืœืงื ืœื‘ืชื™ื 130 - ื› ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ืœืžืœื•ื ื•ืช, ืœื›ืคืจื™ ื ื•ืคืฉ, ื•ื—ืœืงื ืœื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ื•ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืฉืžืฉื• ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืžืคื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉืขืช ื—ื™ืจื•ื. ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืื•ืก ืฉืœ ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื, ื•ืžืื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืจืฆื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืžืขืŸ ืืœื•, ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ืœืžืฆื•ื, ื‘ืชื•ืš ืงื”ืœ ื”ืžืคื•ื ื™ื, ืืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืื—ืจืื™ื ืขืœ ืงืœื™ื˜ืช ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ืขื ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืจืš ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ. ืชื•ืืžื• ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืืช ืจื•ื—ื ื•ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืคื’ืชื™ืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื ืขืจื™ื. ื•ืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื. ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื ื•ืกืคืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืœ, ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ืจื• ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืืœื™ื”ื ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืžืคื•ื ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืฆื˜ืจืคื• ืœื™ื•ื ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืขื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”, ืœืžืขืŸ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชืคื ื•ืช ืžื‘ืชื™ื”ืŸ, ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ ื–ื” ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืขืจืš ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ื”ืžืชื™ื™ืฉืจ ืขื ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ืืชื™ ืœื—ื–ืง ื•ื™ืฆืืชื™ ืžื—ื•ื–ืง. ืฉื›ืŸ ื™ืœื“ ืฉืื™ื‘ื“ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ื’ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื•, ืงื™ื‘ืœ "ื›ื•ื‘ืข" ืฉืœ ื ื•ืชืŸ ื•ืชื•ืจื

ืงืจืŸ ืœื‘ื™ื ืžื ื”ืœืช ืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืœืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื”

ื•ื‘ื›ืš, ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื”ืžื—ื–ืงืช ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืกืŸ ื”ื ืคืฉื™.

ื›

ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืคื ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืืชืจ ืœืขื•ืžืช ื—ื•ื“ืฉ 70% , ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ 6,048 ืขืžื“ ืขืœ ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ ืืฉืชืงื“. ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืกื™ื•ืข ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื ืฉืฉื”ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื. ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ื™ื” ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืžื” ืžืฆื‘ื, ืื™ืš ื”ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื, ื•ืžื” ื—ืกืจ ืœื”ื ื•ืื›ืŸ, ืขืžื•ืชืช ืžื˜ื‘, ืฉื ื™ื”ืœื” ืืช ืื—ื“ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื, ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืขื•ืžืก ื•ื”ืฆืคื” ืฉืœ ืคื ื™ื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื. ืฆื•ืจืš ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉื ืจืฉืžื• ืืœื™ื• ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื, ื”ื™ื” ื”ื›ื ืช ืืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืช ืœื ื–ืงืงื™ื, ืœื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื•ืœืžืคื•ื ื™ื. ื‘ืกื•ืœื ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืกื•ืŸ, ืœืื—ืจ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืจืคื•ืื™ ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืžื™ื ื•ืžื–ื•ืŸ. ื›ื–ื›ื•ืจ, ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื™ื”ืจ ืœืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ืงืžืขื•ื ืื™ื•ืช ื•ืœืžื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืžื™ื, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ืจื” ืคื™ืงื•ื“ ื”ืขื•ืจืฃ. ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื ื–ืžื ื™ื ื ืชื’ืœื” ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืจื‘ ืฉืœ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืงื™ ืžื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื. ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ืœืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื ื–ืงืงื•ืช ืื•

ืŸ, ื’ื ืœื ื• ืœืงื— ื–ืžืŸ ืœืฆืืช ืžื”ื”ืœื ืฉืœ ื•ืคืจื•ืฅ 7.10 ืื•ืชื” ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื” ืžืœื—ืžืช ื—ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจื–ืœ.

ืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• ื’ื ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืžืื•ืฉืคื–ื™ื. ืœืฆืขืจื ื• ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืชืžืœืื• ื‘ืคืฆื•ืขื™ื ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืžืฆื‘, ื—ืœืงื ืžืื•ืฉืคื–ื™ื ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš. ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืžืจื—ื™ื‘ื” ืืช ื”ืœื‘ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื, ื•ื”ืžืื•ืฉืคื–ื™ื ื•ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืœื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ื“, ื›ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืชืช ืœื”ื ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืง, ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ื•ืชืžื™ื›ื”. ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ืœื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืžื•ืชืช ื“ื•ื‘ื•ื ื™ ื”ื—ืœืžื”, ื”ืžืชืžื—ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื” ื›ืœ ืžืชื ื“ื‘ ืžืงื‘ืœ ื“ื•ื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืขื ืง ืœืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ื•ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ืžืขื‘ื™ืจ ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื—ื•ืกืŸ ื•ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืœืจืคื•ืื” ืฉืœืžื”. ืขืžื•ืชื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืœื™ื” ืืœืคื™ ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืคื•ืขืœืช ื’ื ื”ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื , ื”ื™ื ืขืžื•ืชืช ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ื, ื”ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช ื•ืžื—ืœืงื™ื ืงืคื” ื ืฉื ื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืœื•ื ื™ื ื•ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืขื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื•ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœืžืื•ืฉืคื–ื™ื. ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ื, ืืœ ืœื ื• ืœืฉื›ื•ื— ืฉื™ืฉื ื ืขื•ื“ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืชื™ื™ื

ืžืฉื”ืฆืœื—ื ื•, ืขืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช: ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื ื• ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื• - ืžื” ืฉืœื•ืžื. ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื” 8 ืฉืœื•ื ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื, ืžื™ ืžื”ื ื’ื•ื™ื™ืก ื‘ืฆื• ืœืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื ื•ื’ื ื”ืื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืื™ื‘ื“ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืงืจื™ื ื•ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื–ื•ื•ืขื•ืช. ื•ืื– ื ื›ื ืกื ื• ืœืžืฆื‘ ืคืขื•ืœื”, ื›ืžื• ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ืืœื™ื” ืžืชืืžื ื™ื ืฉื ื™ื, ืจืง ืฉื–ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™, ื”ืชืืžื ื• ืชืงื•ืคื” ืืจื•ื›ื”- ื‘ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ืช ืขื ื”ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช, ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช, ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืจืฉืžื”, ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืžื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื, ื•ื”ื ื” ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื™ื“ืข ื•ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื” ื”ื•ืคื ื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ืžืขืจืš ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ื ืฉื›ืœืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ 200 ืœืžืขืœื” ืž ื”ืืจืฅ. ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื ืงืœื˜ื• ื‘ืืชืจ 'ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื”- ืคื ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ 1922 ' ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ื

5

4

"ืฉื•ื˜ืคื™ื" ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืœืžืœื—ืžื”, ืืš ืœืฆืขืจื ื• ื”ื ื ืคื’ืขื• ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืžื ื”. ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื–ื” ื›ื— ืื“ื ืฉื—ืกืจ (ืขืงื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉื™ืฆืื• ืœืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื) ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื–ื” ื‘ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ื•ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ืฉืคื—ืชื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช. ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ื”ื•ืคื ื• ืœืžืคืขืœื™ื ืžื•ื’ื ื™ื ืื• ื”ื•ืกื˜ืœื™ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ื™ื•ืช, ืœืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืื• ืœืžืงืœื˜ื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ื ื•ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ื”ื•ืคื ื• ืœื ื™ืงื•ื™ ื—ื•ืคื™ื ืื• ื™ืขืจื•ืช. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ื›ื™ ืื ื• ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืžืฆื‘ ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืชื ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืกืชืžื›ื™ื ืขืœ ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ, ืื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืืชืจ ื•ืœืงื“ื ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืืฆืœื, ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืืฉืจ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืจื•ื. ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘, ืžื” ืฉื™ื’ืจื•ืจ ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืœืžืขื’ืœ ื”ื ื–ืงืงื™ื. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืื ื• ืžืคืฆื™ืจื™ื ื•ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืฉืจื•ื— ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืœื ืชืจื“, ืืœื ืจืง ืชืขืœื”.. ื–ื›ื™ื ื• ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืจื›ื– ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื•ื›ื•ืœื™ ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืฉืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ืชื“ืจื‘ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืžืื–ืจื—ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืงื—ืช ื—ืœืง ื•ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ืขืฉื™ื™ืชื ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื•ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื—ื–ืง ืืช ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

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6

2023 ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืœืฉื ืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืขืกืงื™ ืฉืœ ืžื“ื“ ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืืจื™ืกื•ืŸ 2023 ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช

6%-4% ืฉื‘ื™ืขืช ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืžื”ืžืขืกื™ืง

ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”/ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ืช

ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ โ–  ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืื ืจื’ื™ื” โ–  ืืงื“ืžื™ื” โ–  ื ื“ืœืŸ ื•ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” โ–  ืื—ืจ โ– 

ื”ื™ื™ื˜ืง ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ โ–  ื‘ื ืงืื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— โ–  ื‘ื ืงืื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— โ–  ืงืžืขื•ื ืื•ืช ื•ืžื–ื•ืŸ โ–  ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื•ืฉื™ืจื•ืช โ– 

ืกื•ื’ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืขื ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื”

11%-8% ืฉื‘ื™ืขืช ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืžื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”

ืกื™ืคื•ืง ืžืžืงื•ื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“

14%-11% ืคืจื™ื•ืŸ

ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“

35%-31% ื ืืžื ื•ืช

ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืืจื’ื•ืŸ

ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืฉื ืชืจื ื”ืฉื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืชื™ื™ื โ‚ช1,491,303

32%-28% ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช

ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื•ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ืฆืœื—ืช ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ

ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉืœื™ืœื™ - ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”

-49% - -45% ื ื˜ื™ื™ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ื‘

74%-70% ืชืื™ืžื•ืช ืขืจื›ื™ื

ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืขืจื›ื™ ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืชื•ืืžื™ื ืœืขืจื›ื™ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“

ืžืกืคืจ ืคื ื™ื•ืช ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ื•ืช 2,030

983

ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื 73,725

ืžืกืคืจ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื 24,575

ืžื•ื“ืœ ืœื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ืื™ืžืคืงื˜ ืฉืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช VIM - VOLUNTEER IMPACT MEASUREMENT ืžืชื•ืš ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืชื™ืช ืขืœ ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื•ืขืจืš ื”ืžื•ืชื’ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ื•ืช, ืฉืคื•ืชื— ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขืžื•ืชืช ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื—ื‘ืจืช ื“ืœื•ื™ื™ื˜, ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื•ืžืชื•ื“ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื.

ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืฉืชื™ืืžื ื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื

ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช 2021 ืžืฉื ืช 25% ืขืœืชื” ื‘

* ื”ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžืฆื™ื™ื ื™ื ื˜ื•ื•ื—ื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช.

9

8

ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ื: ื™ืฉืจืืœ CBC ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœืฆื“ ื”ื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืกื•ืช ื”ืžืจืฉื™ืžื” ื•ื”ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช, ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืฆื“ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”, ื™ืฉืจืืœ CBC- ื‘ ื”ืŸ ื›ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืŸ ื›ืื ืฉื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื, ืœืžืขืŸ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื”ืฆืœื” ื•ื”ืจืคื•ืื”, ืœืžืขืŸ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื•ืœืžืขืŸ ืžืคื•ื ื™ ืงื• ื”ืขื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ.

ืจื•ื— ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœืงื—ื• ื—ืœืง ื‘ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืงื˜ื™ืฃ, 344 - ื› ื›ืืฉืจ ื—ืœืงื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืคืขื ืื—ืช. ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื‘ื ื™ ื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”: ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื”ื•ืจื™ื, CBC ื‘ื ื™ ื“ื•ื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’. ื™ื—ื“ ืฆื‘ืจื ื• ื›ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืคืจื“ืก!! ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ 1985 - ื› ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื, ืฉื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•, ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจื’ื•ืŸ, 236 ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ืœื’ื™ื™ืก ืขื•ื“ ืžืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืคืจืกื•ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช!! ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืจื•ื— ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช! ืฉืื ืœ ื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ื“ ืืจืคื™, ืžื ื”ืœืช ืชื—ื•ื ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ืคืจื™ื’ืช ืžืกืคืจืช: "ื”ื™ื” ืžืจื’ืฉ ืžืื•ื“ ืœืคื’ื•ืฉ ืืช ืจื•ื— ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ืฉืœื ื• ืืฆืœื ื• ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”. ื ื“ื”ืžืชื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืฉืžื•ืขื” ืขืœ ื’ื™ื•ืก ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ืœืงื˜ื™ืฃ ืขื‘ืจื” ื›ืžื• 'ืืฉ ื‘ืฉื“ื” ืงื•ืฆื™ื' ื•ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืžื” ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ืœืฉื‘ืฅ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ื•ืืฃ ืžืื•ืช ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืžื“ื™ ื™ื•ื ื•ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ืžืฉื™ืžื”. ื”ืœื‘ ืžืชืจื—ื‘ ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื›ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืขืœ ื–ื”, ื•ื–ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ื”ื ืคืœืื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื•. ื“ืคื ื” ืืœื™ืžืœืš, ืžื ื”ืœืช ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืžืกืคืจืช: "ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื” ื‘ืืจื‘ืขื” ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช: ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”, ื”ืขืฆืžื” ื ืฉื™ืช, ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื ื•ืขืจ ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืกื™ื•ืข ืœื ื–ืงืงื™ื ื‘ืืจื™ื–ื” ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืข, ื–ืืช ื‘ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ืขืžื•ืชืช "ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื”". ื›ืฉืคื ื• ืืœื™ื™ ืขื ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืงื˜ื™ืฃ, ืœื ื”ื™ื”

ืœื™ ืกืคืง ืฉื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ืจื™ืžื• ืืช ื”ื›ืคืคื” ื•ื™ืชื ื“ื‘ื• ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื•ืœืžืขืŸ ืคืจื™ื’ืช ื‘ืคืจื˜. ืžืจื’ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืจื•ื— ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘" ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืงื• ื”ืืฉ ืžื•ืกื˜ืคื ื“ื ืคื™ืจื™, ืื—ืž"ืฉ ื‘ืžืขืจืš ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืืจ ืฉื‘ืข ืžืกืคืจ: "ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ืื ื™ ืžืชื ื“ื‘ ืžื™ื•ื–ืžืชื™ ื•ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืคื ื•ื™ ืฉืœื™. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื™ ืžืœื•ื•ื” ืืช ืžืฉืื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื” ื‘ืงื•ื•ื™ื ืœืืกืคืงืช ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื—ืœื•ืงื”. ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืชื—ืช ืื™ื•ืžื™ ืจืงื˜ื•ืช (ืฉื“ืจื•ืช, ืฆืืœื™ื ื•ื›ื•') ื•ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืคื•ืช ื‘ืžืชืงืŸ. ืื ื™ ืฉืžื— ืœืชืจื•ื ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืฉื“ืจื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ". ืžืจื™ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ืจืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, CBC- ืขื•ืคืจ ื—ื‘ืงื™ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ืกื•ืžืœื™ื” ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ื‘ ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืœืžื™ ืฉื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืฉืœื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ื• ื”ืจื—ื‘ ืœืื”ื‘ืชื• โ€“ ื‘ื™ืจื” ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ. ืžื™ื“ื™ ืขืจื‘ ืขื•ืคืจ ืžืงื™ื™ื ืกื“ื ืื•ืช ื‘ื™ืจื” ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืชื™ื•ืช ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืงื• ื”ืขื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืคื•ื ื™ื. ืขื•ืคืจ ืžืกืคืจ: "ื—ื™ืคืฉืชื™ ื“ืจืš ืœืชืจื•ื ื•ืœื”ืงืœ. ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื˜ืคืช ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืคื•ื ื• ืžื‘ืชื™ื”ื โ€“ ืื‘ืœ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ื•ืื™ืŸ. ื›ืš ืขืœื” ืœื™ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืกื“ื ืื•ืช ื‘ื™ืจื” ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืชื™ื•ืช, ื‘ื—ืกื•ืช 'ืฉืงืžื”', ื‘ื™ืจืช ื”ืงืจืืคื˜ ืฉืœื ื•, ืฉืคื•ืชื—ื” ื•ืžื™ื•ืฆืจืช ื‘ืžื‘ืฉืœื” ื‘ืืฉืงืœื•ืŸ. ืืช ื”ืกื“ื ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื ื• ืœืžืคื•ื ื™ ื›ืจืžื™ื™ื”, ืžืงื•ื

ืจื™ ื”ื“ืจ, ืžื” ื™ืคื” ื•ืžื” ื ื”ื“ืจ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื—ืงืœืื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ื ืงืœืขื• ืœืžืฆื•ืงื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื” ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื ืชื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื”, ืฉืขื ื”ืœื—ื™ืžื” ื•ื”ืกืœืžืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™, ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื™ืืœืฆื• ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืขืœ ื”ืขืฆื™ื, ื™ืจืงื‘ื• ื•ื™ืคืœื•. ื•ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื, ืฉื›ืœ ืคืจื ืกืชื ื”ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืžืชื‘ืกืกืช ืขืœ ืขื•ื ื” ืื—ืช, ื™ื™ืฉืืจื• ืœืœื ื›ืœื•ื. ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื ืžืคืขืœ ืคืจื™ื’ืช ื ื›ื ืกื• CBC ืœืชืžื•ื ื” ื•ื’ื™ื™ืกื• ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ืžื ื”ืœื™ื, ืฉื™ืจืชืžื• ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ื ืขืœื” - ื”ืฆืœืช ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช. ืจื•ื— ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืขื‘ืจื” ืžื”ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ืžืคื” ืœืื•ื–ืŸ, ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ ื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’, ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช, ืœืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืœื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ืฉืฉืžืขื• ืขืœ ื”ื™ื•ื–ืžื”, ื”ืคืฉื™ืœื• ืฉืจื•ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืงื˜ื•ืฃ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื“ืจ ื‘ืคืจื“ืกื™ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขืžืง ื—ืคืจ. ืค ืœืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื—ืžื•ืจ ื•ืงืฉื” ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื. ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืจืงื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœื™ื ืœืงื˜ื™ืฃ, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ ืฉื™ืงื˜ื•ืฃ ืื•ืชื.

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ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืฉื•ื‘ืจื™ ืฉื’ืจื” ื‘ื—ื“ืจื™ ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ื•ืžืคื ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžืขืช ืœืขืช ื‘ืžื ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกืคืงื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืžืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ. ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื˜ืจืคื” ืืช ื”ืงืœืคื™ื ื•ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ. ื”ืจืžืชื™ ืืช ื”ื›ืคืคื” ื•ืฉื“ืจื’ืชื™ ืœื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ืื—ืจืช, ืžื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื’ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืขืžื“ื•ืช ืžืคื ืงื•ืช ืฉื”ืงืžื ื•. ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื‘ืงื•ื•ื™ ื”ืขื™ืžื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื”ืชืœื”ื‘ื• - ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื• ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœื™ื”ื. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืืœ ืžืœื•ืŸ ื•ืจื“ ื”ื’ืœื™ืœ ืฉื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืคื•ื ื• ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžืงืจื™ื™ืช ืฉืžื•ื ื”. ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื‘, ื ืชืงืœื ื• ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื” ืžื•ืœ ืกืคืงื™ ื”ืงื™ื™ื˜ืจื™ื ื’ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ. ืœื ื ื—ืชื™ ืœืจื’ืข ื•ืžื™ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื ื ืกืขืชื™ ืœืฉื ื•ื“ืื’ืชื™ ืœืกื“ืจ ืœื”ื ืื•ื›ืœ, ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืชืคืจื™ื˜ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืฉื‘ืช, ืœืคื ืง ืื•ืชื ื‘ืžื ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช. ื›ืฉื”ื‘ืื ื• ืœืžืคืขืœ ืืช ื”ืคื•ื“ื˜ืจืืง ื“ืื’ืชื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื’ื™ืข ื’ื ืœืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ื•ืจื“ ื”ื’ืœื™ืœ, ืฉื’ื ื”ื ื™ื™ื”ื ื• ืžื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื”. ืื—ื“ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื ื™ื’ืฉ ืืœื™ ื•ืืžืจ ืœื™: ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื›ื ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืืชื ื›ื›ื” ื ืจืชืžื™ื, ื›ื—ื‘ืจื”, ื’ื ื“ืื’ืชื ืœืคื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืžืงื•ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื•ื’ื ืืชื ื“ื•ืื’ื™ื ืœืื•ื›ืœ. ื–ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ืขืจืš. ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœื™ ื‘ืฉื ื›ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื”ืื›ืคืชื™ื•ืช, ื•ื’ื ืขืœ ื–ื” ืฉื’ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉื™ ืื ื™ ืžื’ื™ืข. ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืื—ืช ืฉื•ื•ื” ื”ื›ืœ. ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืŸ ืื“ื ืฉืžืขืจื™ืš, ื–ื” ืจื’ืข ืฉืœ ืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืœื’ืืŸ".

ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•. ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืกื“ื ื, ื”ื‘ื ื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ื™ืชืŸ. ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืžืขืจืš ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืชืžื›ื• ื‘ื ื• ื•ื‘ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืกื“ื ืื•ืช ื‘ืžืื” ืื—ื•ื–, ื•ืืฃ ืกื™ืคืงื• ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืกื“ื ื ืื ื™ ืžืขื‘ื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืงืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ื•ื”ื ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื˜ื•ืขืžื™ื ื•ื ื”ื ื™ื ืžืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืจื” ื•ืื•ื›ืœ. ืื‘ืœ ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืขืจื‘ ื”ื•ื - ืœืืคืฉืจ ื”ืคื•ื’ื” ืžื“ืื’ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ื. ื–ื• ื”ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžืขื‘ื™ืจ ืกื“ื ืื•ืช ืœืงื”ืœ ืฉื—ื•ื•ื” ื˜ืจืื•ืžื”. ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉืœื™ ืžืชืคืจืฆืช ื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืฉื•ืžืข ืžื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื›ื™ ื–ื• ื”ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”, ืฉื”ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืงืฆืช ืœืฉื—ืจืจ, ืœื”ืชื ืชืง ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื—ื™ื™ืš - ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื™ ื–ื” ืฉื•ื•ื” ื”ื›ืœ. ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืขื•ืžืง ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ - ื‘ืืชื™ ืœื—ื–ืง ื•ื™ืฆืืชื™ ืžื—ื•ื–ืง. ื–ืืช ื–ื›ื•ืช ืขื ืงื™ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™". ื—ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ, ืฉืฃ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืžื ื”ืœ ืงื•ืœื™ื ืจื™ื” ืžืกืคืจ: "ื”ื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”. ื›ืœ ืžื’ื“ืœ ื”ืงืœืคื™ื ื”ืชืคืจืง ื‘ื‘ืช ืื—ืช. ื‘ื™ื•ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืœื ืงื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื, ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื ื›ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื“ืจ ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ืจืœ ื•ื›ืืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื”ื™ื•ื–ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ืคื ื™ื ื’ ืงื™ื ื•ื—ื™ื. ื”ืคืชื™ื—ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ ื‘ืฉื•ืจืง, ื ืจืฉืžื” ื”ืชืœื”ื‘ื•ืช ืขื ืงื™ืช ื•ืžืื•ืชื• ืจื’ืข ื•ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืžืฉื›ื ื• ืœืืชืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื. ืจืื™ืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืžื›ื ื™ืก ืœื”ื ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื•ืฉื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ืจืœ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ืืžืจืชื™ ืœืขืฆืžื™ ืื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืžื™ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื ืœืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืงื•ื•ื™ ื”ืขื™ืžื•ืช ืื– ื’ื ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ื”ื ื•ื–ื• ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉืœื™. ื–ื” ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ ืฉืœื™. 8 ื”ืฆื• ื›ืฉื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœืงืจื™ื™ืช ืฉืžื•ื ื”, ื”ืžืงื•ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ืžื, ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืžื•ืงื“ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื•ื›ืฉื ื›ื ืกื ื• ืœืžืคืขืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืคืชืขื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื•, ื•ืฉืืœื• ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืคื”. ืืžืจื ื• ืœื”ื ืฉื‘ืื ื• ืœื”ืจื™ื ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ืจืœ ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืงืฆืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืœื‘ ื•ื”ื ืžืžืฉ ื—ื™ื‘ืงื• ืื•ืชื ื• ื•ื”ืชืจื’ืฉื• ืžื”ืžื—ื•ื•ื”. ื–ื” ืขืฉื” ืœื™ ืืช ื”ื™ื•ื, ื”ื›ื™ ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื”ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื’ืื•ื•ืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ื‘ืฉื•ื ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ" . ืœื™ืื•ืจ ื—ื’ื™ ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืกืขื“ื” ื•ืชืคืขื•ืœ: "ื‘ื™ื•ื-ื™ื•ื ืื ื—ื ื•

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ืก ื”ื˜ืžืขืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ืช ืœื•ืงืœื™ืช ืื—ื“ ืขืœ ืื—ื“: ืฉื™ื—ื” ืขื ืขื™ื“ื• ืฉื™ื ื‘ืจื’ืจ-ื–ื™ื•, ืžื ื”ืœ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช "ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกื•ืคื˜ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื—" ืคืจ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžืš โ€“ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ืืชื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”? ื•ื‘ืื™ืœื• ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื? ื‘ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘"ืฆื•ืคื™ื", ื”ืื ืœืžื™ืงืจื•ืกื•ืคื˜ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ื™ืฉ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช, ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ืขื“ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช? ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกื•ืคื˜

ื›ืŸ, ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกื•ืคื˜ ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ืช ืœื ื•ืฉื ื”ืชืจื•ืžื” ืœืงื”ื™ืœื” ื•ืจื•ืื” ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืœืชืจื•ื ืœืงื”ื™ืœื” ื•ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืคื•ืขืœืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืขื ื™ืงื” ืœื›ืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคืจ ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื” ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืจื•ื ืœืžืขืŸ ื›ืœ ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืœืœื™ื‘ื ื•ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกื•ืคื˜ ืžื›ืคื™ืœื” ืืช ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืชืจื•ืžื”. ื™ืฉ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ื ื™ื ื™ืžื™ื ื•ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื, ื•ื’ื ืืฆืœื ื• ื™ืฉ ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืžืฆื™ื™ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื, ื›ืžื• ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”: ื™ื•ื ื”ืžืื‘ืง ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™ ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ื ืฉื™ื ืื• ื™ื•ื ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืžืงื“ืžื™ื ื™ืžื™ ืื™ืžื•ืฅ ืฉืœ ื›ืœื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืขื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื™ื•ื–ืžื•ืช ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื. ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื’ื“ืœ ืžืกืคืจ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกื•ืคื˜ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ื•ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืชื ืขืชื ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”? ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ื™ื•ื–ืžื•ืช ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืฆืžื ืฉืคื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืื• "ืžืจื™ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ืคืคื”" ื•ื™ื•ื–ืžื™ื ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ืœื”ื ื‘ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืชื™ืื•ื ืœืคื™ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš. ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช. ืขื“ ื›ื” ื™ืฉ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื™ื ื›ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื. ืื•ืชื ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืžืืจื’ื ื™ื ื™ืžื™ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืื• ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช, ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ื”ื ื”ืœื”, ื•ืืœื•

ื•ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช. ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ืขื‘ืจืชื™ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืขื“ ืฉืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกื•ืคื˜. ืœืคื ื™ ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ื•ืขื–ื‘ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™, ื•ื”ืชืžื ื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื ื”ืœ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกื•ืคื˜ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื—. ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกื•ืคื˜ ืืคืฉืจื” ืœื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™. ืื™ืš ืขื•ืœื ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืจ ืืœื™ืš ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช? ืื ื™ ืžืชื ื“ื‘ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืฉื™ ื•ื’ื ืขื ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”. ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืฆื˜ืจืคื™ื ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืžืžืงื•ื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื•ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืคื ืื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ ืžืกื™ื™ืขืช ื‘ืืจื™ื–ืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ื—ืœื•ืงืชื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื”, ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืœื ื–ืงืงื™ื. ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช, ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื•ืœืงื“ื ืื’'ื ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืžื ื™ืขืช ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื–ื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื”. ื ื›ื ืกืชื™ ืœื•ื•ืขื“ ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ืฉืœ ืขืžื•ืชืช "ืืกืœ"ื™ โ€“ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืกืจื˜ ืœื‘ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ", ื•ืื ื™ ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืคื•ืกื˜ื™ื ืœืขืžื•ืชื”. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคื•ืจื•ื "ืงื•ื•ื™ื ืื“ื•ืžื™ื" ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœ "ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ ืื™ืžืคืงื˜", ื•ืžืชื ื“ื‘ ื’ื ื‘ืžืงืœื˜ื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ื ื ืคื’ืขื•ืช ืืœื™ืžื•ืช, ืชื•ืš ืงื™ื“ื•ื ื•ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืœืชืขืกื•ืงื”.

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ื‘ืกื™ื•ืข ืœืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื—ืœืฉื•ืช, ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื•ืกื™ื•ืข ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื. ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกื•ืคื˜ ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืœืื•ืชื ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื. ื™ืฉ ืคื ื™ื•ืช ื™ื–ื•ืžื•ืช ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืžื•ืชืืžื•ืช. ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืงื“ื. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืฉื—ืœืชื” ื‘ืกืจื˜ืŸ, ื™ื–ืžื” ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืขืžื•ืชืช "ื—ืœืืกืจื˜ืŸ" ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉืขื•ื–ืจืช ืœืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื”ืžื—ืœื™ืžื™ื ืžืกืจื˜ืŸ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืชืขืกื•ืงื”, ื•ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกื•ืคื˜ ื™ื–ืžื ื• ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืœืชืขืกื•ืงื”. ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืžื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื’ืื” ืจืฆื” ืœืงื“ื ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืœืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื˜ืจื ืกื™ืช ื•ื™ืฆืจื ื• ืื™ืชื• ื•ืขื ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืงื•ืจืก Special" ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืœืงื”ื™ืœื”. ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืกื™ืคืจ ืขืœ " (ืขืžื•ืชื” ื”ืคื•ืขืœืช ืœืžืขืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื Olympics ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืกืคื•ืจื˜, ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื). ื“ืจื›ื• ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ ืฉื ื•ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกืช ืœืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ื. ื‘ืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื›ื ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ืืช ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื (ื›ืกืฃ ื•ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื)? ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ ื•ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ืืช ื–ืžื ื. ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื”ืชืืžื” ืœื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืื• ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื”. ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืคื™ื ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืœื™ื‘ื ื• ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™, ื•ืื ื• ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืœืžืชืŸ ืžืขื ื” ื•ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉืขื•ืœื™ื ืžื”ืฉื˜ื—, ื›ืžื• ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืขื ืขื–ืจื” ืœืžื›ืฉื•ืจ ืจืคื•ืื™ ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื, ืื• ื ื™ืงื•ื™ ื—ื•ืคื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืืกื•ื ื•ืช ื˜ื‘ืข. ?2024 ืžื” ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืœืฉื ืช ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ืœืฉื ื” ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื”. ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื•ืช, ื’ื ื‘ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ื’ื ืงื‘ื•ืฆืชื™ืช. ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืขืžื™ืง ืืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœื ื• ืขืœ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืขืชื™ื“, ื•ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื”ืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืขื ื ืขืจื™ื ื•ื ืขืจื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื•ืœืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ืœื ืžื™ื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ืืงื• ืกื™ืกื˜ื, ืขืœ-ืžื ืช ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ื’ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชืขืกื•ืงื”. ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื‘ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกื•ืคื˜ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช?

ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกื•ืคื˜ ืžืงื™ื™ืžืช ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื”ืืงืชื•ืŸ ืขื•ืœืžื™, ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ืฉื‘ื• ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืžื™ื–ืžื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ื•ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืชื’ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช, ื•ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื’ื ืœืื—ืจ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื”ืืงืชื•ืŸ. ื‘ื”ืืงืชื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื” ืงื™ื“ืžื ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืขื "ืžื˜ื” ื”ืžืื‘ืง ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื" ื•ืขื "ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืกืœื•ืŸ". ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกื•ืคื˜ ืœื”ื ื’ื™ืฉ ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืืช ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืชืจื•ืžื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืงืœื” ื•ื”ื ื•ื—ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืื—ื“ ื”ืžื™ื–ืžื™ื ืฉื ื•ืœื“ื• ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื”ืืชืงื•ืŸ Xbox Adaptive- ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ื” ืฉืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช Controller ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช. Xbox ืงื•ื ืกื•ืœืช ื”ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ื•ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื ื•ืกืคืช ื”ื™ื ืกื™ืžื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ื˜ื™ืกื” ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉื™ืงื•ื ืฉืคื•ืชื— ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืืœื™"ืŸ.

ืžืขื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืืจื’ื ื™ื ืคืขื ื‘ืฉื ื” ื™ืจื™ื“ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืžืฆื™ื’ื•ืช ื‘ื• ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืœืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช. ืื•ืชืŸ ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ืžืฆื™ืขื•ืช ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช, ื›ืš ืฉื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืจืฉื ืืœื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื•ืžื™ื™ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช. ืื™ืœื• ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืžื•ืฆืขื™ื ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื? ื™ืฉ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”, ื•ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื”ืชืืžื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืœืžืชื ื“ื‘ ืื• ืœืžืชื ื“ื‘ืช. ื™ืฉ ืœื›ืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืฆืชื™ืช, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื ืงื•ื“ืชื™ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช-ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืื• ืขื ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื’ื ืžืคืจืกืžื™ื ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืจืฉื ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ. ืœืื™ืœื• ืกื•ื’ื™ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื ืจืฉืžื™ื ืœืจื•ื‘? ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช-ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”: ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ืจืฆืื•ืช, ืกื“ื ืื•ืช ืœืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืกื“ื ืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจื™ืคืจื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช-ื’ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ืช. ื‘ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆืชื™ื•ืช ืžืชืžืงื“ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ

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ืฉื™ื—ื” ืขื ืื•ืฉืจืช ืงืื•ืคืžืŸ, ืžืจื›ื–ืช ืจื•ื•ื—ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช: ื”ืคืจื˜ ื•ืžื—ึผื• ึผื‘ืจึผื•ืช ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ืช, ื•ืื•ืจื™ืืœ ืจื™ื™ืš, ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืžื—ืœืงื” ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ืจ ืื™ืœืŸ ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ืจ ืื™ืœืŸ

ื

ื”ื–ืžื ื” ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ืขึถืฉืจื•ืช ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื• ืžืจืืฉ ื”ืŸ: โ€ข ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืžืขื’ืœื™ ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” โ€ข ืžืชืŸ ืžืขื ื” ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืœืžื•ื˜ื‘ื™ื (ื”ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื™ืชื ื“ื‘ื•) โ€ข ื”ื’ื“ืœื” ืฉืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” โ€ข ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื”ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ืช ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืกื’ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” โ€ข ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื’ืื•ื•ืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” โ€ข ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื— ืืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ืœืฉืžื—ืชื ื•, ืขืžื“ื ื• ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืฆื‘ื ื• ืœืขืฆืžื ื• ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš, ื•ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื ืจืฆื” ืœื”ืขืžื™ืง ืื•ืชืŸ ื•ืœื”ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ื”ืŸ. ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ืœืงื” ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ืืจื’ื•ื ึตื™ ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื”ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืกื’ืœ ืืงื“ืžื™ ื•ื”ืžื ื”ืœื™ ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื”. ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื ืขืฉื• ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื ืื’ื•ื“ืช ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื. ื ืฉืžื— ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืœื”ืœืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืœืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื•: โ€ข ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ "ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ืืชื›ื" โ€“ ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช

ื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืคื•ื’ืฉื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืืงื“ืžื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ื—ืจื• ืœื”ื˜ืžื™ืข ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืกื’ืœ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ื—ืจื ื•

ื‘ืชืžื™ื›ืช ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื”. โ€ข ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื‘"ืžืจื›ื– ื™ื•ื ืœืงืฉื™ืฉ ืคืคืจ" ื‘ืคืชื— ืชืงื•ื•ื”, ื•ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื™ื™ื“ืช ืื•ืคื˜ื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื” ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืจืื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ืจืฆืื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืจืื™ื™ื” ื™ืจื•ื“ื” ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™. โ€ข ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืœื™ืช ื‘ืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื "ืฉื™ื‘ื" โ€“ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืœื™ ื”ืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจื” ื ื’ื ื™ื ื•ื ื’ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ืกื’ืœ ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ ื•ื”ืžื ื”ืœื™. ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื” ืื ื• ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืœืฉื ืช ืชืฉืค"ื“ ื•ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืื ื• ืžืžืœื™ืฆื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื ืœืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื•ืœืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืจืชื ืœืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”. ืฉืชืคื• ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš, ื”ื’ื“ื™ืจื• ืžื˜ืจื•ืช, ื”ืงื™ืžื• ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ืคืขื•ืœื” ื•ืฆืื• ืœื“ืจืš. ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉืชืฆืื• ื ืฉื›ืจื™ื ืžื›ืš! ื–ื• ื’ื ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืกืžื ื›"ืœ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ ืื ื•ืฉ, ืžืจ ืžืื•ืจ ืคื™ื ืงื•, ืขืœ ื”ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื•ืœืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ืฉื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื• ืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื—ื“ ื‘ื‘ืจ ืื™ืœืŸ. "ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืชืจื•ื ืžืขืฆืžืš, ืžื–ืžื ืš ื•ืžื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืชื™ืš ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืื—ืจ ื•ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ื•ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืงื™ื™ื".

ื‘ืžื—ืœืงื” ื”ืื•ื ืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื "ืฉื™ื‘ื". โ€ข ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจ ืื™ืœืŸ โ€“ ืœืชืจื•ืžืช ืžืฉืœื•ื—ื™ ืžื ื•ืช ื•ื—ืœื•ืงืชื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื: "ืฉื™ื‘ื" ื‘ืจืžืช ื’ืŸ ื•"ื–ื™ื•" ื‘ืฆืคืช. โ€ข ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื‘ ื”ื•ืงืจื” ืœืื™ืžื”ื•ืช ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืงืžืคื•ืก ื‘ืจ ืื™ืœืŸ

ืœืกืคืจ ื‘ื’ื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ืจ ืื™ืœืŸ. ื ืฉืžื— ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืžื›ื ืขืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื”. ืื’ืฃ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ ืื ื•ืฉ, ื”ืžื—ืœืงื” ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ืืจื’ื•ื ึตื™ ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ืจื•ื•ื—ื”, ื”ืฆืžื™ื— ื•ืคื™ืชื— ื‘ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช. ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืืคืฉืจื• ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื ื”ืœื™ื™ื ื•ืœื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืกื’ืœ ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ ื‘ื‘ืจ ืื™ืœืŸ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื›ื™ืฉืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื, ื•ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืชืจื•ืžื” ื•ื ืชื™ื ื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื”. ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื™ื ื”ื”ื ื—ื” ืฉืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ืœืกื’ืœ ื™ืฉ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ื‘ื—ืจื•, ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฆืžื•ื— ืžืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื•ืžืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื•. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื ืฉืœื— "ืงื•ืœ ืงื•ืจื" ืœืื™ืชื•ืจ ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืžื›ืœืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืกื’ืœ โ€“ ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ืขืฆืžื ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืคืขื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช. ืœ"ืงื•ืœ ืงื•ืจื" ื”ื™ื• ืคื ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช, ื•ืœืคื™ื• ืขืจื›ื ื• ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืžื™ืงื•ื“ ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ื—ืจื ื• ื™ื—ื“ ืืช ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื“ ื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื• ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื•ื›ืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ื—ืœื” ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื•ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืขืžื•ืชืช "ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื”" ืฉืฉื™ืชืคื ื• ืื™ืชื” ืคืขื•ืœื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜. ื›ืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืคืจืกืžื”

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ื”ืื ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืช ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืฉืจ ืฉืœื ื•?

ื

ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื 95%ึพ ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืงืจืช. ื ืžืฆื ืฉ ื”ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืื•ืฉืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ื ืฉืืœืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ืžื” ืงื•ื“ื ืœืžื”? ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ืื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื‘ืขื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืžื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื ืืœื” ืฉืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื, ืื• ืฉื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœืฉื‘ืขื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ? ืื‘ืœ ื”ืคืœื ื•ืคืœื ื’ื ืขืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื. ืื—ื“ 2020 ืžื”ื ื”ื•ื ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ื” ื‘ืฉื ืช Lawton et al, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืœืื•ื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื )). ื‘ืžื—ืงืจื ื”ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืžืกืงื ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืงืฉืจ 2020 ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืฉืจ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ืžืื•ืฉืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืจืง ื–ื”. ื”ื ื’ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืฉื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืคืจืช ืืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ื ืจืื• ืฉื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื•ืช ืžื—ืงืจ, ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืืœื” ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืฉืžืกืคืจื™ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืžื“ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื—ืจื™ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืฆืžื™, ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœืื•ืฉืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ืœืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืจื•ื•ื—ื”. ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืื•ืฉืจ, ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ืช ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื—ื“ึพ ืคืขืžื™ืช? ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื—ื“ึพืคืขืžื™ืช ืœื ืขื•ืฉื” ืฉื•ื ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื•ืขืœ ื›ืš ื™ืฉ ื”ืกื›ืžื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืกื›ืžื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืื•ืฉืจ. ื”ืœืž"ืก ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื•ืฉืจื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืงืฉื” ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื–ื” ืœืขื•ืžืง. ืžื”ื™ ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ืื•ืจื— ื”ื—ื™ื™ื? ื”ืœืž"ืก ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ื›ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื, ื•ืืฃ ื™ืฉ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืฉืžืจืื™ื ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื ื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืื ื‘ืŸ ืื“ื ื—ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืื– ื”ื•ื ืžืชื ื“ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ? ืื• ืฉื”ืชื ื“ื‘ ื•ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ? ืžื”ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื 95%ึพ ื”ืœืž"ืก ืคืจืกืžื” ืœื ืžื–ืžืŸ ืฉ ืžื“ื•ื•ื—ื™ื 53% , ืžื“ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžืจื•ืฆื™ื ืžื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืฉืื™ื ื 38% ืฉื”ื ืžืื•ื“ ืžืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืขื•ืžืช 68% . ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ื ืžืจื•ืฆื™ื 40% ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ื•ื›ืœ ืžื”ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ืจื•ืื™ื ืขืชื™ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ ืœืขื•ืžืช ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื. ืื– ืœืคื™ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื” 55% ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื”ืฉืคืขื”

ื– ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื›ืŸ, ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื›ืŸ! ืกืคืจื™ ืœื ื• ืขืœ ืขืฆืžืš ืื ื™ ืจืืฉืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”

ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืืจื™ืืœ ื•ืžื ื”ืœืช ืืช "ืงืจืŸ ื“ืœื™ื” ื•ืืœื™ ื”ื•ืจื‘ื™ืฅ". ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืฉืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ืช, ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื’ื ื›ืœ ื”ืชืืจื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื”ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืฉื“ื” 20 ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ืช ื•ืคื™ืœื ืชืจื•ืคื™ื”. ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ื•ืขืกืงืชื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”, ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืคื™ืœื ืชืจื•ืคื™ื” ื•ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื”ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื•ื‘ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื. ื”ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™. ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉื ืขืฉื™ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคืจื˜ ืžืจืฆื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืคืฉื™, ืœืœื ืฉื›ืจ ื›ืกืคื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™. ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉื ื ื•ื™ื›ื•ื—ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ื•ื”ืคืจืฉื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื”. ืœืžืฉืœ :ื–ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ "ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืคืฉื™" ื›ื™ ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ืืžื™ืชื™ ื‘ืŸ ืื“ื ืงื ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื•ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœื™ื•. ืื™ืš ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ? ื™ืฉื ื• ืจืฆืฃ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ื˜ื”ื•ืจ ื•ืขื“ ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื›ืคื™ื™ื”, ื›ืžื• ืœืžืฉืœ ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื—ืœื•ืคื” ืœื‘ืชื™ ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืชืช ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ โ€“ ื™ืฉื ื” ืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืชื ื“ื‘ ื™ืขืฉื” ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืฆืžื•, ืืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื—ืจื™ื. ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ืžืชื ื“ื‘, ืœื ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื’ื ืœื ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื•. ืื‘ืœ ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจื• ื•ืื– ื ื”ื•ื’ ืœื›ื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื ืคืขื™ืœื™ื. ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืชื•ืš ื ื‘ื›ื™ ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื”. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉื ื” ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืฉืžื’ื“ื™ืจื” ืืช ืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื™ืฉ ืขืœื™ื” ื”ืฉื’ื•ืช, ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื•ืชื”ื™ื•ืช ื•ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืžื™ื“ื™ ืœื“ื™ื™ืง ื•ืœืชื”ื•ืช ืžื”ื™ ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ืื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ืžืื•ืฉืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ? ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”, ืœืงืจืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™, ื”ืœืž"ืก (ื”ืœืฉื›ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืœืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื”) ืžื•ืฆื™ืื” ืืช ื”ื“ื•"ื— ืฉืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉืื•ืชื

ืืกืชืจ ื–ื™ื›ืœื™ื ืกืงื™ ื—ื•ืงืจืช ืชื—ื•ื ืžื’ื–ืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื•ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช, ืฉื•ืคื›ืช ืื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ืฉืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืื ื ืขืฉื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื—ืจื™ื.

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ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื–ื” ืื™ืš ืœื’ื™ื™ืก ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื, ืื™ืš ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืื•ืชื ื•ืื™ืš ืœืงื“ื ื™ื—ื“ ืื™ืชื ื—ื™ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื•ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื•ืœื. ืื—ื“ ื”ืžื ื™ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ ื–ื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืขื™ืกื•ืง ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ ืฉืœื”ื. ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืคืขืžื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืชื—ื•ื ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื•ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื• ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš. ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื• ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžืงื•ื ื•ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื’ื ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื ื–ื” ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ื•ืžืขืœื” (ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”"ื‘ื™ื‘ื™ 60 ืžื” ืฉืžื ื™ืข ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื•ืžืจืก") ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ ื–ื” ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื•ืœื”ืชื ืกื•ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ืงื™ื“ื•ื ืจื‘ ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื•ืช. ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื ืžืฆืื” ื›ืžืกื™ื™ืขืช ืœืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืžืจืช ืืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืขื ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”. ืงืจืืชื™ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื” ืฉื‘ืื—ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืขืœืชื” ื’ื ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉืจื•ืคืื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื™ืžืœื™ืฆื• ืœืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืฉื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืขืœ ืชืคื™ืกื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื–ื• ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœื ื• ืขื ืขืฆืžื ื•. ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื, ื–ื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ื•ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื•. ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื•, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ืœืขื–ื•ืจ, ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื•ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ืจืื™ื ืœื ื• ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื. ) ืžึผื•ื ืขื™ื ืžืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช 50-30( ื’ื™ืœืื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื, ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื, ืฆื“ืง ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ืคื—ื•ืช ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืžื”ื–ืจื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™, ื’ื™ืฉื” ืคืจื’ืžื˜ื™ืช ื•ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ืช. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืืœื”, ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื•, ื–ื” ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื ื• ื’ื ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ืงืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•, ื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ืžื ื™ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช. ืคืขืžื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ื•ื™ื ืงื•ืฉื™ ืžืกื•ื™ื, ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืื™ืชื•, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืชื—ื•ื ืœืชืจื•ื ืžื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื•ื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉืืกืคื• ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ. ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืœื ื•ืžืœื•ืื• ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ืžืžืœื™ืฆื” ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฆืืช ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืื—ืจื™ื ื•ื’ื ืœืขืฆืžื•.

ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช ืขืœ ืื•ืจื— ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.

ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื‘ื“ ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืžื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื ื•ื‘ืžื” ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืขืชื™ื“. ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื“ื•ืจ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื™ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ืื—ื•ื–ื™ ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืœื—ื™ืง ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”. ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื˜ืจื•ื’ื ื™ืช ื›ืžื• ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช, ืื™ืœื• ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช? ื•ืžืขืœื” 20 ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืžื’ื™ืœ 20%ึพ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืฉ ื› ื•ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœื“ืชื™ื™ื 40% ื•ื’ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ืจื“ื™ื ืœื“ืชื™ื™ื. ืืฆืœ ื—ืจื“ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื 28%-30% ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื, ืืฆืœ ื“ืชื™ื™ื ื™ืฉ . ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ ื™ืฉ 20%ึพ ื•ืืฆืœ ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœ ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื. ืœืคื™ ื”ืœืž"ืก, ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื‘ืจ 8%ึพ ื› 20% โ€“ ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื ืฉื™ื ื’ื‘ืจื™ื 23%- ื ืฉื™ื ืžื›ืœืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื• ืžื›ืœืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื™ืฉ ืฆืžืฆื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื“ืจืš ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืฆืžืื™ 44% , ื“ืจืš ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื 38% โ€“ ืขืฆืžืื™ ื’ื ื“ืจืš ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื’ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืฆืžืื™. 18%ึพ ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื—ื•ืงืจืช ื”ืชื—ื•ื, ื”ืื ืืช ืžืžืœื™ืฆื” ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœืฆืืช ื•ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘? ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื›ืŸ. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืžืœืžื“ืช ืืช

ืื™ืš ืืช ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื›ื“ืื™ ืœืจืชื•ื ืืช ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช? ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื ื”ื•ื ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ื•ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื–ื” ื“ื™ ืžื”ืจ. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืงื•ืฉื™ ืขื ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื™ื ื•ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืžืขื ื” ืžื™ื™ื“ื™. ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœืฉื ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข ื•ืจืฆื™ืฃ, ืœื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืื• ืืช ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื’ื ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื’ื ื™ืืคืฉืจื• ืœื”ื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื. ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ืื ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ื”, ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ, ื”ื™ื ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช. ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืชื•ืขืœืช ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ืื ื–ื” ื’ื•ืจื ืœื›ืš ืฉืื•ืชื ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ื™ืจืฆื• ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“. ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžืื•ื“ ืžืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื ื˜ื™ืกื” ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ. ืื ืฉื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื˜ืกื™ื ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืฆืืช ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœ, ื”ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘. ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ื ืงืจืืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืืคื™ื–ื•ื“ื™ืช, ื•ื–ื• ืชื•ืคืขื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช ืฉืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช

23

22

ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืขื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืขื™ื“ื• ืœื•ื˜ืŸ ืžื ื›ืดืœ ืขืžื•ืชืช ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืืจื™ืกื•ืŸ

ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ืจื•ื•ื—ื”, ื•ืกืคื•ืจื˜, ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ืื™ืชื ื”ืŸ ืžื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ื—ืจืฃ ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื.

ืœืฉื ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื”, ืขืคืดื™ ืฉื ืชื•ืŸ ื”ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช, :)2020( ืจืฉื ื”ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช

โ€ข ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื• ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช 19,668 โ€ข โ‚ช ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ 95 ืกืš ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืžื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” (ืชืžื™ื›ื•ืช, 43% ื›ืืฉืจ ืงืฆื‘ืื•ืช, ืžื›ื™ืจืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืœื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื) โ€ข ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืืœืฃ 620 - ื› โ€ข ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ืืœืฃ 760- ื›

ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืชืงื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืงืฃ ื›ืŸ โ–  ืœื โ– 

ื”

54.4% 706

ื‘ืืงืœื™ื ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ื”ืžื•ืฉืคืข ืžืžืกืคืจ ืจื‘ ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ื™ื•ืช ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช, ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช, ื•ืžืŸ ื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืช. ื”ืŸ ืžืชืืคื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ืชืžื™ื›ื•ืช ืžื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืžื”ืคื™ืœื ืชืจื•ืคื™ื”, ื—ืจืฃ ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื”ื. ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืืœื” ืžืืœืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™ ื‘ื’ื™ื•ืก ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื”, ืขื ืžืขื˜ ืžืื•ื“ ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืชื‘ื˜ื ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ืกื•ื“ ื•ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ืœื”ืชืžืงืฆืข ื•ืœื”ืชืคืชื—. ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืœืžื™ื“ืช ืชืžื•ื ืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืื‘ื™ื ื›ืืŸ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื ื‘ื—ืจื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื•ืดื— โ€“ ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืขืจื‘ื™ื™ื- ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืคืจื•ืคืณ ืืžืœ ื’ืณืžืืœ, ื“ืดืจ ืžื™ื›ืœ ืืœืžื•ื’-ื‘ืจ, ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” .)2019( ืงื•ืงื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ื“ืดืจ ืจื ื ืืกืขื™ื“ ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช 1,300- ื”ื™ื• ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช ื› 2019 ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืฉื ืช ) ื ืžืฆืื• 43%( ืžืชื•ื›ืŸ 555- ืขืจื‘ื™ื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช, ืจืง ืœ 60%- ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืขืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื. ืžืจื‘ื™ืชืŸ โ€“ ื› ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื›ืกืคื™ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืžื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžืชื•ื›ืŸ ื ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื›ืกืคื™ 17%- ืฉืดื—. ืจืง ื› ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืดื—. ื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืชื•ื›ืŸ ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช 2- ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืž

ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ื”ืžืื•ืจื’ื ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” โ€“ ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ื•ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื, ืžืฉืงืคืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืืช ืืชื’ืจื™

46% 592

ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื”ื™ื ืคื•ืขืœืช. ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ื•ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ืฉื•ืงืงืช, ืื™ื ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืดืœืžืœื ื—ืœืœืด ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื›ืฉืœื™ื, ืืœื ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื ื•ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื ืกืžื›ืช ื•ืื•ืชื ืžืชืงืฆื‘ืช ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืื•ืชื ื”ื™ื ืžืกืคืงืช ืœืื–ืจื—ื™ื”. ืื ื• ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช, ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชืžื™ื“, ืฉื—ื‘ืจื” ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ืช, ื”ื™ื ื›ื–ื• ืฉืื–ืจื—ื™ื” ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ื—ืœืง ืคืขื™ืœ ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ื•ืกื ื”, ืœืฆื“ ื”ืžืขื ื™ื ื”ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืขืดื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช. ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ื™ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืžืคืงื˜ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™, ื”ื ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืชืžื”ื™ืœ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ืœื•ืงืช ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืžืฉื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ื: . ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื โ€“ ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืžืžืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื, ืชืžื™ื›ื•ืช 1 ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืคื™ืœื ืชืจื•ืคื™ื”. . ื”ื•ืŸ ืื ื•ืฉื™ โ€“ ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจื—ื‘, 2 ื•ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืขืกืงื™. ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช

ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืฉื ืชื™ ืžื“ื•ื•ื—

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ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ืช ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืคื•ืขืœืช ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืช, ื”ืŸ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื™ื•ื–ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•, ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืžื•ืชืืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื•ื‘ืคืจื™ืกื” ื’ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ืช ืžืœืื”. ื‘ื ืง ืžืจื›ื ืชื™ืœ ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื ื”ื“ืจืช ืœืฉืชืดืค ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื’ื–ืจื™ ืžื•ืฆืœื— ื•ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™, ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืชื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ื ืง ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืกื ื™ืคื™ื• ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืช, ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ืขืคืดื™ ืจืฆื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ืขืฉืจื•ืช ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื, ืขื ืžื•ื˜ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช, ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ื™ื ืžื•ืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ืžืขืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื. ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื™ืฆืจื ื• ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื™ื•ื–ืžืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืœื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื™ โ€“ 36- ื‘ื ื™ ื ื•ืขืจ ืž 4,000 .ืดTake Away- ืดืื™ืคื˜ืจ ื‘ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืืจื–ื• ืืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืื™ืคื˜ืจ ื—ืžื•ืช ืฉื‘ื•ืฉืœื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืคื™ื ื‘ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช, ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืื•ืชื ื‘ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื•ืงืฉื™ืฉื•ืช ืžื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื•ืฉื‘ืจื• 8,000- ืœื› ืื™ืชื ื™ื—ื“ ืืช ื”ืฆื•ื. ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžืคืขื™ืœื” ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืืœืžืฉื”ื“ืื•ื™ ื•ืขืคื™ืคื™, ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื, ืขื ืขืฉืจื•ืช ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ืขืจื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืื’ืจ ืฉืœื” . ื‘ื›ืš ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืŸ ืขื‘ืจื• ืœืžื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืœื‘ืช ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช, ืืฉืจ ื—ื•ืฉืฃ ื•ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืงื”ืœ ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื” ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืžื–ืžื™ื ื” ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœืงื—ืช ื—ืœืง ืคืขื™ืœ ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžื•ืชืืžื•ืช ื•ืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช, ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ื•ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืช.

ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืขืกื™ืงื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืื• 1/3- ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ืจืง ืขืœ ื› ืžื”ืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืขืกืงื™ื. ื›ื›ืœืœ ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืžืขืกื™ืงื•ืช ืžืกืคืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื, ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื—ืฆื™ืชืŸ ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื”. ืืœื• 10- ืžืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืคื—ื•ืช ืž ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ืœืžื“ื™. ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืœื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื—ื•ืกื ื”, ืืš ืžืชืงืฉื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ื’ื™ื•ืก ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื. ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืขืกืงื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืœื”ื•ืขื™ืœ ืœื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื. ื—ื‘ืจื” ืขืกืงื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืชื•ืขืœืช ืจื‘ื” ืžืคืขื•ืœื” ื›ื–ื• - ื‘ื’ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงืชื™, ื‘ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ื•ื‘ืœื›ื™ื“ื•ืชื, ื•ื‘ืชืจื•ืžื” ืžืžืฉื™ืช ืœื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื›ืžื”ื” ืœืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืขืžื•ืชืช ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืคื•ืขืœืช ื–ื” ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืขืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื ืจื—ื‘ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืช, 300- ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืกื•ื’, ื•ืขื ืœืžืขืœื” ืž 189 ืžื•ืœ ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื—ื•ื ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ. ืื ื• ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื•ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืขืดื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ื ื’ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืžื’ื–ืจื™ื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช: ื™ื•ื ืžืขืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื โ€“ ื™ื•ื ืฉื™ื ืœืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืชื• ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืขืจื‘ื™ื ืžืžืื•ืช 3,500- ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ื—ืœืง ื‘ื› ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื. ืžื ื•ืข ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช โ€“ ืืชืจ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœ ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืžืฆื™ืข ืžืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืงื”ืœ ื“ื•ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืขืจื‘ื™ื™ื ืื• ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื•ื–ืžื•ืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืืจืฆื™ื•ืช โ€“ ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืžืคืขื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ืช ืœื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช - ืดื™ื“ ืœืงื”ื™ืœื”ืด, ื•ื™ื•ื–ืžื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœืงื“ื ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืœื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืช, ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื”.

ืื™ืจื•ืข ื™ื•ื–ืžืช ืจืžื“ืืŸ, 2023 ื—ื™ืคื”

ื™ื•ื–ืžืช ืจืžื“ืืŸ ืขื ืžืจื›ื ืชื™ืœ, TakeAway - ืื™ืคื˜ืจ ื‘

ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืœ - ืขืžื•ืชืช ืฉื’ืจื™ืจื™ ืื”ื‘ื”, ื‘ืืขื‘ืœื™ืŸ

2023 ืžืคื’ืฉ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ ืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืช, ื ืฆืจืช

ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืขืคื™ืคื™ ื‘ื›ืคืจ ื™ืืกื™ืฃ

ื™ื•ื–ืžืช ืจืžื“ืืŸ ืขื ืžืจื›ื ืชื™ืœ, TakeAway - ืื™ืคื˜ืจ ื‘

*ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื–ื›ืจ, ืืš ืคื•ื ื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื

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GETT ื’'ืกื™

ืขื ื‘ื ืง ืžืจื›ื ืชื™ืœ ื•ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขืžื•ืชืช "ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื”" ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืขืœื” ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืคืช ืฉืœื ื• ืžื“ื™ ื™ื•ื ื—ืžื™ืฉื™. ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืืœื™ื ื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืžืืจื–ื™ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืงืฉื™ื™ ื”ืœื™ื›ื”, 400โ€“350- ื•ื”ื™ืจืงื•ืช ื› ืžืงืฆืชื ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืžืื•ื“. ืื ื• ืžื—ืœืงื™ื ืœื”ื ืžื›ืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืืจืฅ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืง"ื’ ืฉืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืช 18โ€“10 ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืกื—ื•ื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ื•ื™ืจืงื•ืช. ืžืงืฆืชื ืกื•ื—ื‘ื™ื ืกืœื™ื ืขื ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื ื•ื™ืฉ ื›ืืœื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื ืขื’ืœื” ื›ื–ื•. ืจืื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืกื‘ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฆืขื“ ืขื•ืฉื” ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ื™ื•ืช ืขื“ Wolt ื ื•ืกืฃ. ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื•ืฉืืœื ื•, ืœืžื” ืฉืœื ื ืขืฉื” ืฉืจื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื” ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื”? ืฉื•ื—ื—ื ื• ืขืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ืคื’ื™ืฉื” ืขื ื“ื•ื“, ืื—ืจืื™ ืงืฉืจื™ ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื‘ื‘ื ืง ืžืจื›ื ืชื™ืœ, ื•ืขื ืขื™ื“ื•, ืžื ื›"ืœ "ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื”", ืฉืžื™ื™ื“ ื”ืชืœื”ื‘ื• ืžื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ. ืขื™ื“ื• ื•ืขืžื•ืชืช "ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื”" ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืžืขืฉื™, ืชื›ื ื ื• "ืขื’ืœื” "ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ืช ื•ืžืกื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชื ื™ื™ื“ ื’ื ื‘ื—ื•ืœ ืขืžื•ืง, ื•ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืœืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืืช ืื—ื“ ื”ืกืคืงื™ื ืฉืœ "ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื”", ืฉื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ืœื”ื“ืจื™ืš ืืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืชื. ืชื™ืืžื ื• ืืจื‘ืข ืฉืขื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ืง 30- ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืขืžื•ืชื” ืขื ื› ืžืจื›ื ืชื™ืœ. ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืขืžื•ืชื” ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉื‘ื ืชื” ืืช ื”ืขื’ืœื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื™ื›ื” ืื•ืชื, ื•ื™ื—ื“ ื ื‘ื ื• ืขื’ืœื•ืช ืžืขื•ืœื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข 10- ืชื•ืš ืืจื‘ืข ืฉืขื•ืช ื› ื”ืžืฉืœื•ื—ื™ื. ืžื™ืชื’ื ื• ืืช ื”ืขื’ืœื•ืช ื›"ื’ื˜-ื’'ืกื™" ื•ื”ื ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืœื”ื™ื˜ ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื”. ื›ื™ื•ื ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืืœื™ื ื• ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ืžื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ืื• ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืฉืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ืžืฉืœื•ื—ื™ื ืขื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืœืคื™ ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช. ื•ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืืจื’ื–ื™ื ืœืžืฉืœื•ื—ื™ื ืขื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช. ื–ื”ื• ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืžื™ื ื•, ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ืจื‘ื” ื ื–ืงืงื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืœื•ืŸ ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืœืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ื™ื•ืช.

ืฉื™ื—ื” ืขื ืžื™ืงื™ ืฉื™ืœื™ื ื’ ,ืจ ื™ื•"ืจ ืขืžื•ืชืช "ื’'ืกื™ ื›ื”ืŸ"

ืก

ืคืฉืข ื•ืกืžื™ื. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื™ื•ื ื™ ืจืื” ืืช ืžืฆื•ืงืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ื•ืืช ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื. ืžื”ืŸ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ืขืžื•ืชื”? ืžืืจื–ื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ืจืงื•ืช 400โ€“350 ื—ืœื•ืงื” ืฉืœ ืžื ื•ืช ืฉืœ 50 ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ื•ื—ื•ืœื•ืŸ, ื—ืœื•ืงืช ืžืจืงื™ื ื—ืžื™ื ืฉืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ื—ืžืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืœื‘ืชื™ื ืฉืœ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื”, ืขืจื™ื›ืช ืฉืชื™ ืืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ื ื–ืงืงื™ื 120- ื—ื’ (ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื•ืคืกื—) ืœ ื•ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื, ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื” ืœื›- ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื›ืœื™ื•ืช (ื‘ืžืจื›ื– 100 "ืœื–ืจื•ืก"), ืคืชื™ื—ืช ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืŸ "ืกืœื•ืŸ" ืœื™ืœื“ื™ ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื” 4- ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ืื—ืจ ื”ืฆื•ื”ืจื™ื™ื. ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื™ืžื™ ื›ื™ืฃ ืคืขื ื‘ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœื™ืœื“ื™ ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ื•ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืื™ืจื•ืข ืงื™ืฅ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื”. ืžื™ ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ื•ืžื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื? ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื, ืžืงืฆืชื 60โ€“50- ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื› ื’ืžืœืื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ืง ืœืื•ืžื™ ื•ืžืงืฆืชื ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื”. ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื ื•ืขืจ ืžื›ื™ืชื•ืช ื‘ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืœื•ืŸ ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืืจื™ื–ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ. ื’ื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื™- ื˜ืง, "ื‘ื–ืง", ื‘ื ืง ืžืจื›ื ืชื™ืœ ื•ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืืจื™ื–ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ. ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ "ื’ื˜ ื’'ืกื™" โ€“ ืื™ืš ื”ื›ื•ืœ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ? ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืขืจื›ื ื•

ืคืจ ืขืœื™ืš ืคืจื˜ื™ื โ€“ ืžื™ ืืชื”? ืื™ืš ื”ื’ืขืช ืœืขืžื•ืชื” ื”ื–ื•? ืžื™ืงื™ ืฉื™ืœื™ื ื’ืจ, ื‘ืŸ , ืคืจืฉืชื™ ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ ืกืžื ื›"ืœ ืชืคืขื•ืœ 68

ืฉื ื™ื. ืื ื™ ืื‘ื ืœืฉืœื•ืฉื” 40 ื‘ื”ื™ื™-ื˜ืง ืื—ืจื™ ื™ืฉ ืชืกืžื•ื ืช 39 ื™ืœื“ื™ื. ืœื‘ื ื™ ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ ื’ืœ, ื‘ืŸ ืื ื’ืœืžืŸ. ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืŸ ืกื™ืขื•ื“ื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืžื˜ืคืœ ืคื™ืœื™ืคื™ื ื™. ืฉื ื™ื. 23- ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื™ ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืœืคื ื™ ื› ืื™ืžืฆืชื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” (ืžืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื’'ืกื™ ื›ื”ืŸ) ื”ืžื•ื ื” ืืจื‘ืขื” ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืื‘ื™ื”ื ืจืฆื— ืืช ืื™ืžื, ื•ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื™ ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ืขื ืฉื ื™ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื, ืฉื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืชื—ืชื ื•, ื”ื•ืœื™ื“ื• ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื ื™ื ืื™ืžืฆืชื™ ื’ื 23 ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ื”ื. ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ, ืœืคื ื™ ืื™ืžื ื—ื“-ื”ื•ืจื™ืช ืœื‘ืŸ, ืฉืื ื• ืžืœื•ื•ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื•ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ื. ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืชืฉืข ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืชืžื ื™ืชื™ ืœื™ื•"ืจ ืืงื™"ื ื—ื•ืœื•ืŸ. ื›ื™ื”ื ืชื™ ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ืžื•ืฆืœื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ืกื ื™ืฃ ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ , ื•ื”ื•ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืื—ื“ ืžืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืกื ื™ืคื™ื ื”ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืืจืฅ. ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื™ื•"ืจ ืขืžื•ืชืช "ื’'ืกื™ ื›ื”ืŸ". ืกืคืจ ื‘ืงืฆืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืขืžื•ืชื” ืขืžื•ืชืช "ื’'ืกื™ ื›ื”ืŸ" ื”ื•ืงืžื” ืœืคื ื™ ื›ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื ื™ ื’ืจื‘ืœื™, ืชื•ืฉื‘ ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื” , ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขืจ ืœืืชื’ืจื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื”, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœื ื•ืขืจ ืฉื’ื“ืœ ื‘ื”, ืฉืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ื ืงืœื˜ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ื•ืช ื•ืคื ื” ืœื“ืจืš ืฉืœ

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ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืžื—ืจื™ืฃ ืžืฉื ื” ืœืฉื ื”, ื’ื•ืจื ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื.ื ืฉื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืžืขืŸ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ. ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืขืžื•ืชืช ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื, ื•ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื›ืื’'ื ื“ื” ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื•ืœืจื›ื– ืืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืชืŸ ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”. ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืžืขืŸ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ

ื‘ื—ื•ืกืจ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™, ืื•ืชื ืžืœื•ื•ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš. ื”ื™ื ืขืžื•ืชื” ืขืžื•ืชืช ื’ื™ื ื•ืช ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืžืกื™ื™ืขืช ืœื’ื™ื ื•ืช ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืงื™ื“ื•ื ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื, ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ื’ื–ื™ ื—ืžืžื” ื•ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืกืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื™ื. ื”ื ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ืืช ืžื™ืจื‘ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื•ืงื™ื“ื•ื ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื ื‘ื’ื™ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื, ื‘ื“ ื‘ื‘ื“ ืขื ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื•ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืขืฆืžืื™ื•ืช. ื”ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื”ืงืžื” ื•ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ืฉืœ ื’ื™ื ื•ืช ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ. , ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ืžื ื›"ืœ ื”ืขืžื•ืชื”, ืžืกืคืจ ืงื•ื‘ื™ ืคืœื•ืžื‘ื• ืฉืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™. ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื’ื™ื ื•ืช ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื’ืฉื’ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ื•ืข ืžืืžืฆื™ื ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ืฉืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืžื–ืžื ื, ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื”ื ื•ืชืฉื•ืงืชื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืžื•: ืกื™ื•ืข ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื, ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืคืกื•ืœืช ื”ื˜ืžื ื”, ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ ืžืงื•ืžื™, ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื•ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช, ืœื›ื™ื“ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช, ื”ืขืฆืžื” ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื™ื ื•ืŸ ื•ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื, ื”ืกื‘ืจื” ื•ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืžื“ื™ื ื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื—ื•ืกืŸ ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช.

ื”ื’ื™ื ื•ืช ื’ื ืชื•ืจืžื•ืช ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื ืคืฉื™ืช ื•ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื- ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืœื—ืฅ ืžื•ืคื—ืช, ืžืฆื‘ ืจื•ื— ืžืฉื•ืคืจ ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืง ื›ืœืœื™ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจ ืžืชืจื•ืžืชื ืœืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™. ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ืฉืžืชืื—ื“ื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืžื˜ืจื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืžื˜ืคื—ื™ื ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื•ืœื›ื™ื“ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช. ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืจืงืขื™ื ื•ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื’ื™ืœ ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืฉืชืคื™ื ืคืขื•ืœื”, ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืื”ื‘ืชื ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืœื’ื™ื ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™. ื”ื™ื ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืืช ืขืžื•ืชืช "ื•ื ื˜ืขืช" ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืœืขืจื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื™ืจื•ืงื” ืžื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื•ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืขืจื™ื - "ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™, ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืœื•ืงืืœื™". ื”ื ื ื•ื˜ืขื™ื ืขืฆื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื’ื™ื ื•ืช ืงืกื•ืžื•ืช ื•ื™ืจื•ืงื•ืช ืขืœ ื’ื’ื•ืช, ื‘ื—ืฆืจื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื, ื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉื™ืงื•ื, ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ, ื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ื™ื ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉื™ ืื˜ื™ืืก ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืงื”ื™ืœื”. ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ืžื ื›"ืœ ื”ืขืžื•ืชื”, ื”ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื”ืœื‘ ื”ืคื•ืขื ืฉืœ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช, ื”ื ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื ื˜ื™ืขืช ืขืฆื™ื ื•ื”ืงืžื” ื•ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ืฉืœ ื’ื™ื ื•ืช ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืชืจื•ืžืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืืงืœื™ื ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช. ืขื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ื›ื™ ืชื ื•ืขื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื”ื ืชืžื›ืช ืข"ื™ ื”ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืขืกืงื™, ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™, ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™. ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืฉื™ื

ื

ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืชื—ื–ื•ืงืชืŸ. ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืงืžืช ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ืช ืœื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืข"ื™ ื”ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื, ืืœืคื™ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืžืฉืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœื’ื“ืœ ื‘ื’ื™ื ื•ืช ืืœื•, ืชื•ืฆืจืช ื—ืงืœืื™ืช ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ืช. ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœืช ืœืžืขืŸ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชื•ืฆืจืช ื—ืงืœืื™ืช ืžืงื™ื™ืžืช (ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื, ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื” ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื, ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื”, ื“ืฉื ื™ื, ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”) ื•ื’ื ืœืžืขืŸ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืคืจื•ื’ืจืกื™ื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื ื”ื‘ื ืฉื™ืฉื ื” ืืช ืคื ื™ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืœืžืงื™ื™ืžืช ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืœื‘ื™ื ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ื›ื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืชื™ื•ื•ืš ืฉืœ ืขืžื•ืชืช ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืจื•ื•ื— ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ืคื•ืœ: ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืขืกืงื™ ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื•ืœื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืœื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื, ื•ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื•ื˜ื‘ื™ื ื”ื ืžืฆืื™ื

ื—ืช ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืฉืคืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื•ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืงืžื” ื•ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ืฉืœ ื’ื™ื ื•ืช ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ื•ืช. ืฉื•ื—ื—ื ื• ืขื ืืจื‘ืขื” ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืื™ืชื ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื, ื”ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื”: ื”ื™ื ื—ืœืง ืžืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืขื” ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืžืงื™ื™ืžืช ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ , ืœื‘ื™ื ืจืคืืœ ื”ืืงืœื™ื. ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื” ืขื ืžื ื›"ืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืžื“ื ื• ื›ื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืœื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ืชื•ืฆืจืช ื—ืงืœืื™ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื•ืžืงื™ื™ืžืช, ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ืจื’ืœื™ ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืฉืœื• ื•ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš, ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื•ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื•ืœืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ืœืฉื•ืง ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™. ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืžืฆื™ืขื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช, ื”ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ื‘ื”ืงืžืช ื’ื™ื ื•ืช

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ื”ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ื’ื™ื ื•ืช ื—ืกื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช ืœืืงืœื™ื ื•ืฆื•ืจื›ื•ืช ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื™ื, ื ื•ื˜ืขืช ืขืฆื™ื ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื™ื ืฉื™ืชื‘ืกืกื• ื•ื™ื’ื“ืœื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื•ืชืžื™ื“ ืชืžื™ื“, ืžื—ืคืฉืช ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฆืœ ื˜ื‘ืขื™. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืžืงื“ืžืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื“ืจื•ืคื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื ืฆืœื•ืช ืคื™ื ื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืœืœื ืจื™ืกื•ืก ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืงื˜ืŸ ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ื•ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ืžืขื•ืœื ื”ืคืืจืžื” ืงืืœืฆ'ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื’ื™ื ื•ืช ืœืœื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื”, ื”ืžื ืฆืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืฉื˜ื— ืœื”ืฆื™ืข. , ืžื ื”ืœืช ื—ื•ืคืฉ ืกื“ื ืื•ืช, ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืจ ืกื™ืžืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื‘ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืฆืžืŸ ื™ืฉ ืชืจื•ืžื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื” ืœืžืฆื‘ ื”ืืงืœื™ื, ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ื’ื™ื ื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื•ื ื•ื˜ืขื™ื ืขืฆื™ื, ืฆืžื—ื™ื ืžื˜ืคืกื™ื ื•ื’ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืื›ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืคืจื™ื ืืช ื˜ื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืจื’ืœ ื”ืคื—ืžื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื™ืฉ ืืช ืžื” ืฉืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืžื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช, ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืœื ื•ืฉืื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื•ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื•ืœืจื•ื‘ ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื›ืœื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืื• ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ื”ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื. ืœื ืคืขื ื”ื ืจื•ืื™ื ืื™ืš ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื•ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœื”ื. ื•ืœืกื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืชืคืช: "ื›ืฉื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื™ื•ื ื›ื–ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื ื–ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœื”ื ืœืื“ืžื”, ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ื”ื™ืฆืจื ื™ืช ื•ืœืกื™ืคื•ืง ื”ืžื’ื™ืข ืขืžื”, ืฉืœื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™, ื›ืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ื–ื• ืœื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ ื•ืœื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื™"

ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื•ืช ื”ื›ืฉืจืช ืณืกื•ื›ื ื™.ื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸืณ ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช, ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืช ื™ื“ืข ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช . ื•ืžืชืŸ ื›ืœื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืœืฉื•ื™ื•ืŸ?

ืœืคืจื˜ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื

ืžืคื™ ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ื”ืจืฆืื•ืช 12 ืฉืขื•ืช ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ 3.5 ืฉืœ ืžืคื’ืฉื™ื 4 ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื–ืžื” ื›ืชืจื•ืžื” ืœืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืžื•ืขื‘ืจืช ื‘ืžืœื•ืื” ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืœืืจื’ื•ื ื›ื:

ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”, ื”ื ืžืฆื˜ืจืคื™ื ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ื•ืžืื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืื ืฉื™ื, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ืขื•ืจืจ ื”ืฉืจืื” ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ื•ื™ืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื. ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™, "ื—ื•ืคืฉ" ืกื“ื ืื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืช ื•ืžืœืžื“ืช ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ื•ืœื˜ืคื— ื’ื™ื ื•ืช ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ื•ืช. ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืชืขืฉื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืชื‘ื—ืจ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืคื—ื•ืชื”, ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืขืœ ืืคืก ืคืกื•ืœืช; ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื, ื”ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื”ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื, ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื ืฆืœ ืืช ื”ืงื™ื™ื, ืœืฉืคืฅ ื•ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ืฉื ืžืฆืื• ื‘ืฉื˜ื—, ืœืชืงืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืงื ื•ืช, ื•ืชืžื™ื“ ืœื”ืขื“ื™ืฃ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื—ืคืฅ. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช, ื‘ื•ื ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื™ื—ื“ ืขื

ืœื”ื–ืžื ืช ื”ืžืขืจืš ืœืืจื’ื•ืŸ

ื‘ึผึทื“ึผึถืจึถืš ืœึฐืฉืึดื•ึฐื™ื•ึนืŸ ื”ื™ื ื” ื™ื•ื–ืžื” ืฉืœ ืขืžื•ืชืช ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืืจื™ืกื•ืŸ, ื‘ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ืขื ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ ื•ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ืื™ื’ื™, ื.ืก.ืฃ, ืืขืœืื, ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœืคืกื’ื•ืช, ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื ื˜โ€ืœ, ื ืฉื™ื ื ื’ื“ ืืœื™ืžื•ืช, ืขืœื, ืคื™ื“ืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช:

ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆืช

33

32

ื‘ื–ืง

ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื–ืง: ืฉื™ื—ื” ืขื ืฉื™ ื‘ื› ,ืจ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช ื‘ื–ืง ESG ืžื ื”ืœืช

ืก

ื”ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ ืœืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืœืœื™ื‘ื, ื›ืžื• ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื ื›ื•ืช ื•ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื ื•ืขืจ, ื•ื™ืฉ ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืžืืžืฆื•ืช ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ื•ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ืื™ืชืŸ ื‘ืงืฉืจ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืชื™ ื”ื ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช. ื‘ืื™ืœื• ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื›ื ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข (ื›ืกืฃ ื•ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื)? ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ "ื‘ื–ืง" ื”ื•ื "ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืขืชื™ื“ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ", ื•ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืื™ืžืคืงื˜ ืฉืœื ื• ืžืชืžืงื“ืช ื‘ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ืคืขืจ ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืฆื“ ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื”ืžืจืงื ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™. ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืฉืงื™ื™ื ื‘"ื‘ื–ืง" ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื• ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื›ืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืœืœื™ื‘ื ื•ื™ืชื—ื‘ืจื• ืœืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืชื™ืช. ?2024 ืžื” ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืœืฉื ืช ื‘ื–ืง ื ืชืคืกืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืฉื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืœื”. ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•, ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืคืจื™ืกื” ืืจืฆื™ืช ื•ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืžืจืงืขื™ื ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื, ื”ื ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ื•ืคืŸ ื•ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžื”ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ื ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช 2024 ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช โ€“ ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช. ื‘ืฉื ืช ืžืขืจืš ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื ืขืžื™ืง ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื• ื”ืฉื ื” ืขื ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ื ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื—ื‘ืง ื™ื•ื–ืžื•ืช ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช.

ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืฆื™ื‘ ื™ืขื“ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื“ื ืืช ื”ืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช "ืงื™ืฅ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช", ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ "ื‘ื–ืง" ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื”. ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืชืจืžื• 115 ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ื”ืฉืชืชืคื• ื‘ื” ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืœืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ื•ืœืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื 9,000- ื› ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ. ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืชื ืขืชื ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”? ื”ืชื ืขืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืชื™ืช ื ืขืฉืชื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืงืžืช ืคื•ืจื•ื ืฉืœ ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื ื‘ื—ืจื• ืžื›ืœ ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื•ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื”. ืœืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื™ืฉ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช. ื‘ืคื•ืจื•ื ืขืœื” ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืชืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ื™ื—ื“ ืืช ื”ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื ื‘ื ื” ืคื•ืจื˜ืœ ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ ืœื ื•ืฉื. ื”ืคื•ืจื˜ืœ ืคื•ืจืกื ืœื›ืœืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืชื•ืš ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื• ืขืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื. ืžื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ืคืฆื” ื”ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืชื™ื•ื•ื›ื• ืืช ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืœืžื ื”ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื• ื•ืฉื™ืชืคื• ืงื•ืœื’ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœื”ื. ืื™ืœื• ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืžื•ืฆืขื™ื ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื? ื•ืœืื™ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ื™ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื ืจืฉืžื™ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ? ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ื• ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื™ืชืื™ืžื• ืœื›ื•ืœื. ืื ื• ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ืขื ืขืžื•ืชืช "ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื”". ืื ื—ื ื• ื’ื ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื

ืคืจื™ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžืš โ€“ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ืืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”? ื•ื‘ืื™ืœื• ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื? (ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ESG- ืฉืžื™ ืฉื™, ืžื ื”ืœืช ื”

ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ืช) ื‘"ื‘ื–ืง" ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘"ื‘ื–ืง" ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืขื™ืกื•ืง ื”ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ืช. ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื™ ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื ื”ืœืช ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขืžื•ืชืช "ืชืคื•ื—". ืžื” ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœืš ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช? ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืœื™ื•ื•ืชื” ืื•ืชื™ ืชืžื™ื“, ื•ื”ืžืฉื›ืชื™ ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ ื’ื ื›ืฉืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ื‘ืขืžื•ืชื”. ื ื—ืฉืคืชื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืขืžื•ืชืช "ืชืคื•ื—" ืฉืžืฉืœื‘ืช ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื•ืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ืžื•ืกืฃ ืฉื”ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžื”ืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืื—ืจ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขืžื•ืชื”. ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืฉืœื™ ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืžืขืช ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื›ืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ ื•ืื™ืš ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื–ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ืจืื™ื™ื” ืฉืœื”ื. ืžืจื’ืฉืช ืื•ืชื™ ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœื”ื ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืœืืœืคื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ "ื‘ื–ืง" ื•ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื ืœืชืช ืžืขืฆืžื ื•ื’ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื‘ื—ื–ืจื”. ื”ืื ืœื‘ื–ืง ื™ืฉ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ื™ืขื“ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช? ืžื” ื”ื? ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืžื”ืœืš ืœื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช, ื”ืฆื‘ื ื• ืœืขืฆืžื ื• ื™ืขื“ ืฉืœ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช. ื–ื• 4,000- ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื• 30% ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•

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ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืขื ืขืกืงื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื

ื‘

ืกื™ืžื” ืื•ืจืŸ, ืื•ืžื ื™ืช ื•ืžื ื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ื”ืขืฆืžื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช, ืงื‘ื•ืฆืชื™ืช ื•ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืงืœื™ืขื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ืืžื•ื ื” "ื›ื™ "ืกืœื™ืžื”" ืžืŸ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข, ื”ืงื™ืžื” ืืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืื“ื ื˜ืžื•ืŸ ืื•ืžืŸ ื•ืงืœื™ืขืช ืกืœ ืื™ืฉื™ ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื•ืžื’ืœื” ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื–ื• ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืกืœ ืฉื–ื•ืจ ืžืžืกืคืจ ื—ื•ื˜ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ื“ื™ ื›ืœื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ ื•ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืื ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ืขืœ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืืžื•ื ื•ืชื™ื ื•, ื“ืชื ื• ื•ืžื ื”ื’ื ื•, ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืืฉืจ ืคื ื™ื” ืœืื—ื“ื•ืช ื•ืœืฉืœื•ื" . ื‘ืกืœื™ืžื” ืžื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืกืœื™ื ืืฉืจ ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ืข"ื™ ืงื•ืœืขื•ืช ืกืœื™ื ืžืงืฉืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช; ืขืจื‘ื™ื•ืช, ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช, ื“ืจื•ื–ื™ื•ืช, ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ืื™ื•ืช, ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืงื•ืœืขื•ืช ืืช ื”ืกืœื™ื. ื‘ืกืœื™ืžื” ื ื™ืชื ืช ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ืœืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื•ืช: ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืฉื™ืงื•ื ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช, ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืขืฆืžื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ืช, ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ื•ื”ืงืžืช ืžืจื›ื– ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื‘ืืงื™ื. ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื™ืจื™ ืืงื™ื ื ืจื›ืฉื™ื ืข"ื™ ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ื•ื ืชืจืžื™ื ืœื‘ืชื™ ืื‘ื•ืช (ื›ืžืฉืœื•ื—ื™ ืžื ื•ืช ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืขื ืขืฆื™ืฅ ื‘ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ื•ืขื•ื“). ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกืœื™ืžื” ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืื•ื›ื•ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ืฉื”ื ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ ืขื‘ื•ืจื”, ื•ืงื•ืœืขื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืกืœื™ื. 7 ืœืคื ื™ "ืขืฆื™ืฅ ื˜ืจื™" , ื”ืงื™ื ืืช 46 ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื‘ืกืŸ ื‘ืŸ

ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื›ืฉื“ื ื™ื ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉื”ืœื›ื” ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘, ืžืชืžืงื“ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืคืจืžื˜ืจื™ื: ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื

ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื•ืช ื™ื‘ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื›ืคืจ ืžืœ"ืœ. ืขืกืง ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืžื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืชื™ืช ืฉืœื• ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื—ื•ื•ืช ื™ื‘ื•ืœื™ื, ืžื›ืœืœื” ืชืขืกื•ืงืชื™ืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืฉื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื™ืช. ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจื• ืฉื›ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื›ืœ ืžื™ื–ื ืฉื™ืงื™ื ื™ื•ืฉืชืช ืขืœ ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืฉื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื™ืช ื•ื™ืฉืœื‘ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื—ื•ื–ืจ. ื‘ืขืฆื™ืฅ ื˜ืจื™ ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืขืฆื™ืฆื™ื, ืžืžื™ื›ืœื™ ืคื— ืžืžื•ื—ื–ืจื™ื, ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืœื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื•ืžืืจื–ื™ ืžืชื ื” ื”ืžืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื’ื ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ืžื–ื•ืŸ. ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืกืคืงืช ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื 21 ืฉื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื™ืช ืžืขืœ ื’ื™ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืœื‘ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืฆืžืื™ ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืชื•ืžื›ืช. "ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ืืœื™, ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื“ื ื™ืืœ: "ืžื—ื“, ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืœื™ ืงืฉืจ ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ื ืžื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื•ืžืื™ื“ืš ืœืกืคืง ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืžืขืฆื™ืžื” ื•ืžืืชื’ืจืช ืชื•ืš ื”ืขื ืงืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœื•ืช ืœื›ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืฉื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื™ืช". ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจ'ื” ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœื”ื". ืขืฆื™ืฅ ื˜ืจื™ ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืกื“ื ืื•ืช ืืฆืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื•ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื,

ืืช ืขืžื•ืชืช 2015 ืžืฉื—ืจ ื ืขื•ืจื™ื•, ื”ืงื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืช ืขืกืง ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ืฉื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื• ื”ืขืฆืžื” "ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืชื•ืง", ื•ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื ื•ืขืจ ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืชื•ืš ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื•ืžื›ื™ืจืช ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื•ืกื“ื ืื•ืช ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ืขืฆืžื. ื”ืขืžื•ืชื” ืžืคืขื™ืœื” ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืกื“ื ืื•ืช ื•ืงื•ืจืกื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื˜ืจื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื ื•ืขืจ ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ืžืงื ื™ื ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจื. ื“ื•ืจื•ืŸ ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื ื™ ื ื•ืขืจ ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื• ื›ืœื™ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืขืœื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”; "ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืชื•ืง" ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื‘ื ื™ ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ืœืงื—ืช ื—ืœืง ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ื›ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืžืœืื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืœื‘ื™ื, ื”ื—ืœ ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ, ืืจื™ื–ื”, ืžื™ืชื•ื’, ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื•ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื” ืœืงื”ืœ ื”ื™ืขื“. ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ ื”ืžื™ื–ื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืœื‘ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ื ื”ืคื›ื™ื ืžืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”- ืœื™ืฆืจื ื™ื ื•ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื•ืชืขืกื•ืงืชื™ืช". ืขืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขื ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืกืคืจ: "ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื” ืฉื’ืจื™ืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืชื•ืง ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ืช ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ื•ืช. ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื“ื•ืื’ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืคื’ืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืขืจื™ื ื•ื”ื ืขืจื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืกื“ื ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™- ืœืžืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื•ืขื“ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ"

ื•ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืžื•ื˜ื‘ื™ื (ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช). ืœืขื™ืชื™ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืขืžื•ืชืช ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืœืžืฉื•ื•ืืช ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืคืจืžื˜ืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ - ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขืกืงื™ื ื”ืžืชืคืขืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืชื™ืช, ืžืชื•ื•ื›ื™ื, "ืฉื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืงืจื—", ื“ื•ืื’ื™ื ืœืฆื™ื•ื“, ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ืžื™ืงืกื•ื ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืชื™ืช. ืขืฆื™ืฆื™ื, ืกืœื™ื ื•ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืœื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืžื›ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื. ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืื• ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืงืฉื™ื™ื ืื• ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื”ืžืขื ื™ืงื” ืขืจืš ืžื•ืกืฃ ืœืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื. ืื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช- ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืœืจื•ื‘ ืžืฉืื™ืจื™ื ืขื ื”ืžื•ื˜ื‘ื™ื, ืื• ืฉืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื ื‘ื—ืจืช ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื: ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœืžืจื›ื– ื™ื•ื ืœื ืขืจื™ื ืขื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืžื›ื™ื ื™ื ืขืฆื™ืฆื™ื ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื™ื—ื•ืœืงื• ืœืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื™ื•ื ืœืงืฉื™ืฉ. ืฉื•ื—ื—ื ื• ืขื ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžื ื”ืœื™ ืขืกืงื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื™ืชื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ื: ื“ื•ืจื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื“ื™, ื™ื–ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™

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