INTRODUCTION: WHY INJURIES LIKE ACL TEARS AND TENNIS ELBOW REMAIN CLINICALLY CHALLENGING AND HOW EVIDENCE-BASED MODALITIES CAN HELP Injuries such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears and lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow) are among the most common yet clinically challenging musculoskeletal conditions. They often resist straightforward resolution, despite advances in surgical techniques, rehabilitation strategies, and our understanding of biomechanics and pain science. These conditions demand more than just structural repair. They require comprehensive neuromuscular recovery, pain modulation, and tissue remodelling—factors that traditional rehab alone may not fully address. As such, clinicians are increasingly turning to evidence-based modalities like high- intensity laser therapy (HILT), shockwave therapy, and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) to complement conventional care and enhance clinical outcomes.
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