RE:
Firebrick Comparison Shape: 9”x4.5”x1.25” Split Bricks Compared:
ARC = Alsey Refractories Company (Fireclay) CIW = Cleveland Iron Works (Fireclay) USS = United States Stove Company (Pumice
Disclaimer: All samples tested were used “as is,” and in an effort to eliminate any bias, samples of similar sizes (whether whole or partial) were used for each test.
Comparison Tests: • Visual Test
o A side-by-side visual comparison of both external and internal compositions with similar orientation. • Size & Geometric Density o Size – Measurements with calipers to the 0.01” accuracy and scales to the 0.01lb accuracy. o Geometric Density – Calculated from Size measurements • Modulus of Rupture (MOR) o Bricks are inserted into a machine that measures the pressure a brick can withstand in a three point bending setup before failure. o Size and Pressure measurements are used to calculate MOR. o This is a flexural strength measurement. • Cold Crushing Strength (CCS) o Cut pieces of bricks are inserted into a machine that measures the pressure the
brick piece can withstand in a compressing setup before failure. o Cut Size and Pressure measurements are used to calculate CCS. o This is a compressive strength measurement.
Comparison Tests Cont’d: • Porosity Percentage, Water Absorption Percentage, Bulk Density, and Apparent Specific Gravity o Cut pieces of bricks are measured at different points during a vacuum chamber pressure test with water. This test will fill any voids in the brick piece with water. o All values can be calculated from at least 2 of these weight measurements: ▪ Dry Weight (weight of brick piece before the vacuum chamber) ▪ Suspended Weight (weight of brick piece on a rack suspended under water from a scale after the vacuum chamber) ▪ Saturated Weight (weight of brick piece after vacuum chamber with no residual water on surface) o Porosity Percentage – This is the measurement of the percentage of voids in the bricks. o Water Absorption Percentage – This is the measurement of the percentage of water a brick can absorb. o Bulk Density – This is the measurement of the amount of brick material that can occupy a given volume of space. o Apparent Specific Gravity – This is the measurement of the ratio of brick material to water. • Insulative Test o This test is conducted using a hand-held propane torch on a stand. The torch is set equal distance from the brick. Temperature measurements are taken at 2 minute 30 second intervals of the brick’s hot face and cold face. o Insulative values are calculated from the temperature measurements and graphed to show the heat absorption/deflection and insulative values over a 30 minute period. • After Testing o This is testing on the bricks after the insulative test to show the level of damage. o This testing also reveals the level of heat penetration of the brick.
Visual Test: ARC 9”x4.5” Face
CIW 9”x4.5” Face
Visual Test Cont’d: USS 9”x4.5”
ARC-CIW-USS Side-by- Side 9”x4.5” Face
Visual Test Cont’d: ARC 9”x1.25” Face
CIW 9”x1.25” Face
USS 9”x1.25” Face
ARC-CIW-USS Side-by-Side 9”x1.25” Face
Interior Break
Interior Cut
Size & Geometric Density ARC Data
CIW Data
USS Data
Note: Any Yellow data indicates values below standards.
Modulus of Rupture (MOR) Testing Setup
Equipment Used Tinius Olsen Using MOR Attachments
Modulus of Rupture (MOR) ARC Data
CIW Data
USS Data
Note: Any Yellow data indicates values below standards.
Cold Crushing Strength (CCS) Testing Setup
Equipment Used Tinius Olsen Using CCS Attachments
Cold Crushing Strength (CCS) ARC Data
CIW Data
USS Data
Porosity Percentage, Water Absorption Percentage, Bulk Density, and Apparent Specific Gravity ARC Data
CIW Data
USS Data
Note: Any Yellow data indicates values below standards. Any Red data indicates values above standards.
Insulative Test Testing Setup
Equipment Used Hand-Held Propane Torch
Temperature Gun (High Temp – over 1000⁰) Temperature Gun (Low Temp – under 1000⁰)
Insulative Test Data
Graphs
1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2:30 5:00 7:30 10:00 12:30 15:00 17:30 20:00 22:30 25:00 27:30 30:00 Heat Absorption/Deflection
ARC Fire Clay Brick Hot Side
Cleveland Iron Works Fire Clay Brick Hot Side
US Stove Pumice Brick Hot Side
Burning Temperature
Insulating Percentages
40.00% 50.00% 60.00% 70.00% 80.00% 90.00% 100.00%
2:30 5:00 7:30 10:00 12:30 15:00 17:30 20:00 22:30 25:00 27:30 30:00
ARC Fire Clay Brick Insulating % Cleveland Iron Works Fire Clay Brick Insulating % US Stove Pumice Brick Insulating %
After Testing After Insulative Test – Hot Face, Before Strength Test (MOR)
After Insulative Test – Cold Face, Before Strength Test (MOR)
After Strength Test – Hot Face
• Note the weak point of every brick is through the burn point of the torch.
ARC Interior – Burn Point
CIW Interior – Burn Point
USS Interior – Burn Point
ARC-CIW-USS Side-By-Side – Burn Point
After Testing Data After a Cooldown of 20 minutes, Remaining Temperature at Burn Point:
ARC = 372⁰ CIW = 454⁰ USS = 301⁰
Strength Before/After Test
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