Writing and Publishing Scientific Articles
5-10
role in liver cancer development. (Reprinted with permission fromLu S, Archer MC. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-I overexpression in transgenic mice inhibits hepatic neoplasia. Mol Carcinog 36:142 – 146, 2003.)
Summary: Using a transgenic mouse model, Lu and Archer 3 showed that glucose regulation is involved in hepatocellular carcinogenesis.
Attribution Signals
Attribution signals are words, phrases, and verb forms used to identify, or signal, someone else’s work and to distinguish between studies. Examples of attribution signals are “others have shown,” “their findings demonstrate,” “Smith et al. reported,” and “our previous study showed.” You may combine these attribution signals with phrases that suggest contrast or similarity between your findings and others’, such as “in contrast,” “however,” and “likewise.” In the Discussion, this technique is highly useful to synthesize y our findings with others’ research and to clarify the relationships among the studies.
In the paragraph below, the words in bold signal a particular study.
We found that the WW – WW – WW haplotype was the most prevalent haplotype in the lung cancer patients and control subjects but was more common in the control subjects than in the patients. A similar observation has been documented for colorectal cancer and breast cancer. 35,37 The haplotype for distribution in this study is similar to that found by Weston et al., 38 who suggested that rare p53 minor haplotypes are associated with increased risk of breast cancer in some racial groups. Similarly, we found that the rare haplotypes were statistically significantly associated with an elevated risk of lung cancer, with the highest risk found in individuals with the W – M – M alleles. In addition, we found, as did Sjolander et al., 53 that the 3 loci are in strong linkage disequilibrium. (Adapted from Wu X et al. p53 genotypes and haplotypes associated with lung cancer susceptibility and ethnicity. J Natl Cancer Inst 94:681 – 690, 2002. Reprinted with permission.)
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