Writing and Publishing Scientific Articles Course Workbook

Cohesion and Clarity

12- 16

In the example below, Such analyses connects to microarrays in the previous sentence:

Other researchers are using microarrays to help uncover the genetic programs that cause lymphocytes to follow one developmental path instead of another or to become activated when they “see” a pathogen during normal immune responses. Such analyses can also provide clues to what goes wrong either in autoimmunity or in immune deficiencies. (From Hagmann, 2000)

In the example below, These and they carry the meaning of candidate epitopes:

But in less than a day, TEPITOPE slashed that unworkable number to 130 candidate epitopes, all predicted to bind to many different MHC alleles. These epitopes can now be tested to see whether they evoke an immune reaction. (From Hagmann, 2000) English has a huge variety of transitional words, many with meanings that are close but not exactly the same. A list of transitional words grouped by general meaning has been included at the end of this chapter.

Activity 3

Add the transitional words listed on the next page in the blanks of this paragraph:

A ___________ study on ductal breast cancer showed that

overexpression of BTAK/Aurora-A protein was independent of

tumor histopathological type and was not correlated with tumor

size and lymph node metastases. 16 _________ studies showed

that alterations in BTAK/Aurora-A are associated with poor

prognosis in gastric cancers and with high grade/late stage in

breast and bladder cancer. 25-27 In the present study, __________,

BTAK/Aurora-A protein kinase was preferentially

activated/overexpressed in low-grade and early-stage ovarian

cancer, as well as LMP, __________ there was no statistical

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