GLOSSARY AND KEY U.S. SUPREME COURT DECISIONS Adequacy Of Representation – Plaintiffs must show adequacy of representation per Rule 23(a)(4) to secure class certification. It requires representative plaintiffs and their counsel to be capable of fairly and adequately protecting the interests of the class. Amchem Products, Inc. v. Windsor, et al. , 521 U.S. 591 (1997) – Windsor is the U.S. Supreme Court decision that elucidated the requirements in Rule 23(b), insofar as common questions must predominate over any questions affecting only individual class members and class resolution must be superior to other methods for the adjudication of the claims. Ascertainability – Although not an explicit requirement of Rule 23, some courts hold that the members of a proposed class must by ascertainable by objective criteria. Comcast Corp. v. Behrend, et al. , 569 U.S. 27 (2013) – Comcast is the U.S. Supreme Court decision that interpreted Rule 23(b)(3) to require that, for questions of law or fact common to the class, the plaintiffs’ damages model must show damages are capable of resolution on a class-wide basis. Commonality – Plaintiffs must show commonality per Rule 23(a)(2) to secure class certification. This requires that common questions of law and fact exist as to the proposed class members. Class – A group of individuals that has suffered a similar loss or alleged illegal experience on whose behalf one or more representatives seek to bring suit. Class Action – The civil action brought by one or more plaintiffs in which they seek to sue on behalf of themselves and others not named in the suit but alleged to have suffered the same or similar harm. Class Certification – The judicial process in which a court reviews the submissions of the parties to determine whether the plaintiffs have met their burden of showing that class treatment is the most appropriate form of adjudication. In federal courts, the process is governed by Rule 23 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Cy Pres Fund – In class action settlement agreements, this is the money set aside for distribution to a § 501(c) organization when class members do not return a settlement claim form and money is left over after distribution to the class. Epic Systems Inc. v. Lewis, et al. , 138 S. Ct. 1612 (2018) – Epic Systems is the U.S. Supreme Court decision holding that arbitration agreements requiring individual arbitration and waiving a litigant ’ s right to bring or participate in class actions are enforceable under the Federal Arbitration Act. Opt-Out Procedures – If a court certifies a class under Rule 23(b)(3), class members are bound by the court ’ s judgment unless they opt-out after receiving notice of the lawsuit. Numerosity – Plaintiffs must show that their proposed class is sufficiently numerous that adding each class member to the complaint would be impractical. This is a requirement for class certification imposed by Rule 23(a)(1). Ortiz, et al. v. Fibreboard Corp., 527 U.S. 815 (1999) – Ortiz is the U.S. Supreme Court ruling that interpreted Rule 23(b)(3) to require personal notice and an opportunity to opt-out of a class action where money damages are sought in a class action. Predominance – The Rule 23(b)(3) requirement that, to obtain class certification, the plaintiffs must show that common questions predominate over any questions affecting individual members.
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Duane Morris Consumer Fraud Class Action Review – 2024
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